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ABB Group 2009
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Dry type transformers ZaragozaDrives application
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ABB Group 2009
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Variable speed drives
Specialized transformer
Effects of harmonics in transformersSpecial design
Examples
Index
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ABB Group 2009
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ABB is the worlds leading supplier of AC drive products and systems for
industrial use, commercial and residential applications, improving
manageability, efficiency and energy economical processes.
Variable speed drives I
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ABB Group 2009
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Metals
Marine
CementMining and Minerals
Variable speed drives IIDrives applications
Power Generation
Pulp and Paper
Oil and Gas
Petrochemical
Water Plants
And many more
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ABB Group 2009
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ABB AC Drives know-how, experience of
industrial and utility applications and
flexibility to build complete packages
according to customer needs.
Deep cooperationbetween ABB divisions
by achieving standard added value
solutions:
Simplifies equipment supply process,
installation and commission.
Shorter delivery time.
Benefits to end users.
Assures successful function of wholepackage.
Variable speed drives IIIABB standard solutions
Customer feels safe in ABB hands
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ABB Group 2009
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ABB has the most
comprehensive drive familyin
the market with the most
advanced and proven technology
available.
AC drives can be connectedto
most rotating machines, which inturn, improve process control
flexibility, accuracy, productivity,
reliability and energy efficiency.
AC Drives is a product family
with a wide selection of products
and high technology, suited for
several application areas:
pumps, fans, compressors,
conveyors, mills, thrusters,
drilling packages, gas turbines,
extruders, mixers, propulsion,
hoist.
Variable speed drives IVABB variable speed drives
Devices used to vary the speed of
AC Motors
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ABB Group 2009
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Two and three winding
transformers.
30 shift for 12-pulse operation
(three-winding transformers).
Maximum symmetry must be
guaranteed between the
secondary windings.
Electrostatic screen between
primary and secondary windings.
Transformers designed to
withstand the harmonic content
of the network.
Variable speed drives VACS 800 (high and low harmonic content)
Vacuum cast coil transformer characteristics:
Manufactured according to IEC 60076-11, IEC 60146-1-3, IEC 61378-1
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ABB Group 2009
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Variable speed drives VIACS 1000
Vacuum cast coil transformercharacteristics:
Manufactured according to IEC
60076-11, IEC 60146-1-3, IEC
61378-1
Three-winding, dry type transformer.
Electrostatic screen between primary
and secondary windings.
- 4 . 0
- 3 . 5
- 3 . 0
- 2 . 5
- 2 . 0
- 1 . 5
- 1 . 0
- 0 . 5
0. 0
0. 5
1. 0
1. 5
2. 0
2. 5
3. 0
3. 5
4. 0
4. 5
5. 0
5. 5
6. 0
kV
0 1 0 2 0
m s e c
V O f f s e t
V Se c
V C o m m o n
Example of common modevoltage wave form, measured on
the secondary side phase to
ground.
Secondary windings designed and testedwith a superior insulation level.
Maximum symmetry guaranteed betweensecondary windings.
Cross divisional cooperation within ABB inorder to design the optimum transformersfor the ACS1000 application.
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ABB Group 2009
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Variable speed drives VIIIACS 5000
Vacuum cast coil transformercharacteristics:
Manufactured according to IEC 60076-11,IEC 60146-1-3, IEC 61378-1.
2 x four windings dry type transformers, tooperate with a 36 pulse generator.
Electrostatic screen between primary andsecondary windings.
Secondary windings designed and testedwith a superior insulation level.
Maximum symmetry guaranteed betweensecondary windings.
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ABB Group 2009
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Variable speed drives IXACS 6000
Options:
6-pulse: two windings dry type
transformer. Casted secondary windings.
12-pulse: 2 x two windings dry type
transformers. Casted secondary
windings.
18-pulse: 3 x two windings serial
connected dry type transformers. Casted
secondary windings.
Additionally transformers for the
ACS6000 ARU are designed and tested
with a superior insulation level.
Vacuum cast coil transformercharacteristics:
Manufactured according to IEC60076-11, IEC 60146-1-3, IEC61378-1.
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ABB Group 2009
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Transformers for drivesApplications
These transformers for VSD are used inseveralapplications such as:
Traction
Propulsion
Rectification
Excitation
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ABB Group 2009
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Transformers for variable speed drives, are non standardtransformers due to the
distortion created by harmonics:
Harmonics from rectifiers.
Overvoltages during transients.
Due to these factors, this transformer type requires a special design.
Specialized transformersNon-standard transformers
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ABB Group 2009
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Effects of harmonics in transformers I
Harmonics aredistortionsof the mains supply occurring at multiples
of the supply frequency. Any equipment which uses electronics tochange one voltage and / or frequency to another will generate
harmonic currents and consequently voltage distortion.
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ABB Group 2009
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Switching the line current with linefrequency or its multiple by
means of electronic switches.
No-linear impedance.
Current dependant
resistances: Arc furnaces,welding machines, fluorescent
lamps
Voltage dependant
inductance: Transformers and
core reactors.
Switching on saturableinductance as induction
motors or transformers.
Effects of harmonics in transformers IISource of current harmonics
Non linear load generate harmonics
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ABB Group 2009
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Effects of voltage harmonics.
Increase of no load losses.
Increase of noise level.
Generated voltage shape is not fully
sinusoidal.
Effects of current harmonics.
Increase of load losses.
Local overheating due to uneven
distribution of the eddy losses.
Eventually resonance over voltages.
Effects of harmonics in transformers III
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ABB Group 2009
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Evaluation of harmonic content
Total harmonic distortion factor:
The quotient of the r.m.s. value of the sum of all the harmonic
components up to a specific order and the r.m.s. value of the
fundamental component:
The limitation of THD is aimed to prevent the simultaneous
presence of several harmonics components with high amplitude.
Effects of harmonics in transformers IV
=
=
=Hh
h Q
QhTHD2
2
1
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ABB Group 2009
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Special design II
In order to avoid capacitate coupling between high voltage and low voltage and
to protect the power electronics devices on low voltage side from over voltages in
HV side, it is recommended to place an electrostatic shield between high voltage
and low voltage windings.
In some cases (i.e. ACS1000), due to floating systems or high du/dt,
higher insulation levels on low voltage windings are needed.
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ABB Group 2009
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Special design III
In case of three or more winding transformers the following points
must be considered:
The low voltage winding placed at top position must be overrated because of its worse cooling (hot cooling air coming from
the bottom low voltage winding).
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ABB Group 2009
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Dry type vacuum cast coil
Dry type transformers
serving drives for customer
satisfaction.
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ABB Group 2009
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