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Current situation ofurban wastewater
management in viet nam
challenges & solutions
By bui xuan doan
Vice DirectorAdministration of technical infrastructure
Ministry of construction
16-17.04.2009 in thanh hoa city
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contents
Current situationChallenges
Solutions
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Current situation of urban
wastewater management in viet nam
Combined sewage/drainage systems arecommonly used for both storm-water
and wastewater
Sewage/drainage systems wereconstructed many years ago and have
become very old.
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Current situation of urban
wastewater management in viet nam
Drainage service coverage is onlyabout 60%.
Most of wastewater is not treated
before discharging into receiving
water. Total capacity of all existing
wastewater treatment plants is only
265,000m3/day and night (10% smaller
than the demand).
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Current situation of urban
wastewater management in viet nam
• Average length of sewers per capitain big cities is between 0.2 and0.25m (for other big cities in theworld, this is 2m per capita).
• Quality of sewers: 50% of these was
deteriorated requiring some repairsor replacements, only 20% of thesegot new investments.
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Current situation of urban
wastewater management in viet nam
Consequences: severe pollution of
water resources (surface & ground
water)
Resolvingenvironmental
pollution is
primary concern of
GoV & international
donors &organizations
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Current situation of urban
wastewater management in viet nam
Many programs and projects have beenfinanced by WB, ADB, etc., and
bilateral governments such as Japan,
France, Denmark, etc. for constructing
sewage and wastewater treatment
systems.
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Selected pictures of wastewater treatmentplant project in cities of Vietnam
DAKLAK WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
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Current situation of urban
wastewater management in viet nam
Model of organization and management is
inconsistent. 4 centrally run cities such as HaNoi, Hai Phong, Da Nang, Can Tho have theirdrainage/sewerage companies as a separateentity while in the remaining cities, this existsin the form of a subornidate/unit of water
supply companies or URENCOS.
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Institutional, legal framework
Legal system is incomplete and asynchronous.
Although environmental protection law, waterresource law, decrees 88 and 59 were issued, thissystem still needs to be streamlined and
perfected. Unclear and overlapped responsibilities and
decentralization.
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SEWAGE DEVELOPMENT TARGETS
to 2025
Sewage coverage extended to 80%
Sewage, wastewater collection and treatment systems of highpriority constructed synchronically in big cities, cities fortourism and watershed areas
Decentralized wastewater solutions studied and implemented
for appropriate and small urban areasLocalized wastewater treatment stations constructed athealth facilities and industrial premises
Flooding and inundation, as well as environmental pollutionresolved to ensure sustainable development
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CHALLENGES TO drainage/sewerage
sector
Lack of infrastructure and heavy pressure due to
population growth and rapid urbanization (thecurrent rate is 27%, expected to be around 35% in2015, around 50% by 2025; drainage/seweragedemand is quite high, expected to be around 6 million
m3/day by 2015 and around 11 million m3/day by2025.
Lack of investment capital, weak and limited
mobilization of social resources and communityparticipation in infrastructure development andmanagement.
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CHALLENGES TO drainage/sewerage
sector
Lack of human resources with adequate skills
and management expertise
Low customer fee, which cannot cover O&M
costs and investment costLow awareness of authorities and community
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POLICIES AND SOLUTIONS
Legislative improvements towards systematization
and comprehensivenessPolicies of preferences and incentives for resourcesmobilization
IEC for awareness raisingCost recovery principle, and polluter pays principle
Institutional strengthening, human resources training
International cooperation and experience exchange
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On-going programs/plans
Plans for drainage/sewerage and solid waste
management for 3 key economic areas(northern, central and southern parts of Viet
Nam) up to 2020 were approved at decisions1336/QD-TTg dated 22.9.2008 and 40/QD-TTg
dated 6.10.09.
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Brief introduction about some basic contents
of Decree 88/2007/ND-CP
Principle: to clarify powers, duties and responsibilities of the
entities related to the drainage/sewerage activities.In line with trend, decentralization policy of GoV, taking themunicipal government as its basis, directly responsible fororganizing the drainage/sewerage services in their territory.
Relations among agencies, organizations and individuals:through a contract.
Polluter pays principle to maintain the supply of services.
International integration.
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Brief introduction about some basic contents
of decree 88/2007/ND-CP
Main contents:
Drainage/sewerage planning: drainage/sewerageaccording to the river’s basin.
Regional drainage/sewerage plan:MoC shall carry
out appraisal of this for submitting to the governmentfor approval or shall be authorized for approval.
Drainage/sewerage plan for provinces/cities: under
the responsibilies of PPCs/CPCs.
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Brief introduction about some basic contents
of decree 88/2007/ND-CP
Main contents:
Investment for drainage/sewerage development: regulations onowners, investors.
Funding, investment phasing, preferences, incentives for
involvement of economic sectors. Synchronous investment for both drainage/sewerage network
systems and WWTPs.
Drainage/sewerage planning: drainage/sewerage according tothe river’s basin.
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Brief introduction about some basic contents
of decree 88/2007/ND-CP
Main contents:
Management and operation of drainage/seweragesystem.
Selection of operator: to be signed between themunicipal government and operator, including thebasic contents of management tasks such as contract,asset management (a circular guiding theimplementation of the decree will be issued, inclusiveof one sample of O & M contract).
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Brief introduction about some basic contents
of decree 88/2007/ND-CP
Main contents:
Drainage/sewerage service: regulation on
connection point between property and
drainage/sewerage system. Service contract between drainage/sewerage
entity and drainage/sewerage discharger
(except household).
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Brief introduction about some basic contents
of decree 88/2007/ND-CP
Main contents:
Wastewater fees: Subject to wastewater fee, principles, methods for
determining fee collection level.
Procedure, responsibilites of preparing, apprasingand decisions for approving wastewater fee.
Mode of collection, payment, management and use of
wastewater fee. Note: wastewater fee is regulated at Decrees 88 & 67
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Brief introduction about some basic
contents of decree 88/2007/ND-CP
Main contents: Rights and duties of the relevant parties.
Checking, inspecting and dealing with theviolations
Implementation clauses.
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For more details, please contact:
Technical Infrastructure AdministrationMinistry of Construction
37 Le Dai Hanh St. – Hanoi
Tel: 04 – 3.976.0271 Ext.206
Fax: 04 – 3.974.2132
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Thank you