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UNEP-DHI Water Quality Webinar Series
WQ Webinar #5Water Quality Management and Regulation Tools
Facilitator: Gareth James Lloyd Technical Support: Maija Bertule
www.unepdhi.orgNovember 11th, 2015
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Contents
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1. Jesper Dannisøe (Senior Biologist at DHI): Water quality regulation tools and
monitoring approaches
2. Philipp Saile (UNEP GEMS/Water Data Centre, Federal Institute of Hydrology): Monitoring Water Quality in the 2030 development agenda (SDGs)
3. Additional questions from the audience!
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Water quality: Regulation tools and monitoring approaches Jesper Goodley Dannisøe, Senior Project Manager Title: Senior Biologist Bio: Large-scale infrastructure, water quality, EIA and monitoring
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Todays topics:
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Which management and regulation tools are available such as: • Licensing, • Financial instruments, • Modelling and • Monitoring
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Licensing
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Licensing is the backbone of controling who is discharging what, where and how much. No license => No right to operate and no right to pollute
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Licensing tools: Background knowledge
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• Substantial knowledge about the receiving waterbodies • Where are the other legal point sources (size, type, etc) • Does a license require an EIA • Lists of operations requiring an EIA • Compliance among existing dischargers?
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Examples of EIA-demanding industries
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• Power plants, nuclear power, hydro power • Steel and iron mills • Chemical industry (above a certain production volume) • Production of explosives • Highways, ports, terminals, airports • Waste disposal (incineration, landfills etc)
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License structure
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• Precise description of production methods • Product (amount) • Input of raw material (amount, type, assessment) • Assessment of production method; Best available technology (BAT) • BREF (Best available techniques reference documents):
http://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/
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Financial instruments
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OR
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Incentives to reduce pollution
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Incentives to urge industries to improve treatment facilities could be: • Tax reduction • X years to fulfilment of license • Cheap federal land
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Modelling:
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Confer to the presentation 2 weeks ago from Anders Erichsen • Models perfect to provide assessment of impacts • No models are better than the data they are fed with! (Data
demanding)
Discharge of wastewater Depth-
profile
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Models can sum up loads from point sources
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Approach: 1. Count all upstream known discharges and assess the load (kg/y) 2. Assess the type of discharge (metal, food, brewing, etc) 3. Assess for each source the compliance with permits/licenses 4. Use the data as input to a model and calculate the effects at the
place of a new discharge. 5. Use the results to set limits to the new discharge
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Monitoring related to licensing
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Each license must have demands for a self-monitoring system Should be based on two principles: • Maximum concentrations (might be seasonal
demands) • Load (flow x concentration x time), either
daily, monthly or yearly
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Monitoring program
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Self-control system: • Sampling of monthly water quality samples with focus on important
variables (organics, nutrients, heavy metals, oil, etc) • Constant measure of discharge volumes (l/s, m3/s)
Authority control system: • Annual parallel sampling to compare results • Annual assessment of data from the industry to check compliance
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End of Part 1:
ANY QUESTIONS
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Part II
Monitoring of point and non-point
pollution
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”An effort of the society to learn by some form of measurements about the chemical, physical, biological and ecological characters and behaviour of water in the environment” Robert C. Ward Colorado State University
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POLICY
Strategy
Legislation
Planning Economic Spatial
Management Monitoring Compliance
Enforcement
Quality assurance
Evaluation
DATA TRAINING
Where does water quality fit in?
The Management Cycle
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Principles for Monitoring
Information needs
Monitoring strategy
Network design
Sample collection
Laboratory analyses
Data handling
Data analysis
Reporting
Information utilisation
Water management
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Questions to drive the demands:
Public: Safe water for drinking, swimming, fishing, sporting
Industry: Permit limits justified
NGO´s: Compliance with the laws
Administrator: Where to focus the management
Legislators: Accountability for money spending
The aim of the monitoring?
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The aim of the monitoring?
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Monitoring should be done for a reason: • License/permit compliance • Tracing of non-point pollution • Overall water quality assessment of a waterbody • Monitoring integrated in the legislation to provide justice for it
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Short or long term monitoring? The duration of the monitoring system
The time span for the monitoring will have an influence on the design
Short term: Intensive sampling
Long term: Extensive sampling
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Where to monitor?
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Point sources:
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Find them and you can start monitoring them: A point source can be: • The discharge point from a single factory, suburb, treatment plant or
other single sources • Described by a well-defined catchment/production facility • Normally more or less constant, but may show daily/monthly/annual
variation.
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NON-point sources
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Loads entering the water without a specific discharge point: • Seepage from agricultural
land to river/lake • Overland flow under rain
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Calculate the load from non-point sources?
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The non-point load is calculated as the difference between the discharge of known point-sources + background concentrations and the actual monitoring results in e.g. a river.
Flow direction
Point source 1 Point source 2 WQ monitoring 1
Non-point load
WQ monitoring 2
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What to do about non-point sources?
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Try to quantify them and find the reason • Divide the source up into sub-sources, based on type (e.g.
agriculture, urban, etc) • Look for possibilities to isolate the sub sources and consider
treatment (turning non-point into point-source)
Root zone system
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Philipp Saile
International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change
GEMS/Water Data Centre
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Water Quality in the SDGsGoal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all
6 Technical Targets
2 MOI targets
Target 6.3: Improve water quality
Indicator 6.3.1:
Percentage of wastewater safely treated
Indicator 6.3.2:
Percentage of water bodies withgood ambient water quality
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The ambient water quality indicator Starting point: GEMS/Water Global Water Quality Indicator
Proximity-to-target index
Parameter selection
Benchmark/target definition
Indicator calculation
Temporal aggregation
PTT-score calculation
Spatial aggregation
Parameter Pollution
TDS Nutrient pollution, salinization
%O2, DO Nutrient pollution
Inorganic N Nutrient pollution
Inorganic P Nutrient pollution
E. Coli/FCB Microbial pollution
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The monitoring ladder
5 parameters
Existingmonitoringnetworks
Additional parameters
Increasingmonitoringnetworkcoverage
Comprehensiveset ofparameters andmonitoringnetworkcoverage
Monitoring networkcoverage
# ofParameters
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National monitoring andreporting requirements Baseline assessment
Designation of water bodies and river
basins
Identification/
adaptation to national
conditions
Classification based on
existing monitoring data
EEA/ETC-ICMWISE
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Challenges Definition and designation of water bodies & river basins
Definition of benchmark values
Definition of classification levels
Differences in monitoring systems
Spatial and temporal coverage
Inclusion of additional data sources (remote sensing, modelling)
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Additional Questions
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Thank you for attending WQ Webinar #5
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− Questions/comments to Maija Bertule [email protected]− Webinar recording and slides on YouTube (UNEP-DHI) and
http://www.unepdhi.org/wq-webinars− Short feedback survey in follow-up email – please take 5 minutes
to fill in – we value your opinion!
Next, FINAL WQ webinar (#6)− November 25th:
“Data and Knowledge Management for Water Quality”− Registration:
http://www.unepdhi.org/wq-webinars