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World War I “MANIA”:Causes of the War
What events and actions led to the start of WWI?Why was WWI different than any war before it?
How did world leaders react?
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MANIA before the war• Militarism—when a nation’s armed forces come
to dominate a country’s national policy– glorification of the military and war itself
• Alliances—treaties in which each nation involved pledges to defend the other if attacked by an aggressor (a military “buddy system”)
• Nationalism—pride and patriotism in one’s nation/country, often to an extreme
• Imperialism–domination by a country over the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
• Assassination—planned killing/murder (in this case, of an important leader)
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Militarism
THE GOOD• Having a large, strong
army made citizens feel patriotic
THE BAD• When one nation is
militaristic, its neighbors often do the same to protect their own people
• This fuels an arms race, creating tension
MAJOR MILITARISTIC POWERS:
Germany: build up of armsUntersee boats (U-Boats)
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Militarism Questions• What causes
militarism?• What is its main
purpose?
caused by the desire to protect overseas
colonies from other countries its purpose is to protect & defend
1910-1914 Increase in
Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany
73%
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Militarism Questions• What did the major countries do to
prepare for both offense (attacking others) and defense (protecting themselves)?
-increased stocks of arms-more modern weapons-built strategic railways
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Alliances
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European Alliances
Germany
Italy
Great Britain
France
Russia
Austria-Hungary
Triple Triple EntenteEntente::
Triple Triple EntenteEntente::
Triple Triple AllianceAlliance::
Triple Triple AllianceAlliance::
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Alliances Questions
• What is the main purpose of an alliance?
purpose is to protect themselves from opposing armed
forces
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Alliances Questions
• What did the leaders of alliances in the late 1800s hope would happen?
hoped no country would attack another, since it would provoke that country’s allies to fight as well
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Alliances Questions
• Why do you think so many alliances were made? If there had been unrest in Europe, how would alliances help?
alliances were made because Europe wanted peace & these were a way to keep countries from fighting
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Alliances Questions• In the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907, there
are some examples of why Great Britain and Russia allied despite the fact that they had been rivals. What are some of these examples?
-they were greatly threatened by Germany
-didn’t like Wilhelm II’s aggressiveness
-Germany became a bigger enemy to Great Britain than Russia had been
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Alliances Questions
• How were alliances a cause of WWI?
-alliances drew other countries into war when two countries began fighting
-had been made secretly, causing suspicion
-heightened war tension
-Germany was surrounded
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Imperialism
THE GOOD• Good for imperialistic
powers, who were able to gain resources.
THE BAD• Nations subject to
imperialism felt exploited and often powerless
• Caused rivalry among imperialist powers and mistrust in general
MAJOR IMPERIAL POWERS:
EnglandItaly?
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Imperialism Questions
• What was the main purpose of imperialism?
purpose was to expand empire as far as possible
to become more powerful
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Imperialism Questions
• How might a country defend a colony/territory it controlled that was hundreds of thousands of miles away?
it might need a large army
it might need a large/fast navy
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Imperialism Questions
• What might happen with so many colonies/territories that were so close to possible enemies, such as in Africa?
two countries might claim the same territory as their own
fighting might easily break out
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Imperialism Questions• What did colonial rivalry (similar to
imperialism) lead to indirectly? What were the relationships among the powers like?
-formation & strengthening of alliances-intense arms race-relationships hurt because all wanted the
same things
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Imperialism Questions
• How did imperialism help cause WWI?
each country wanted to be better than others
each country wanted to keep its power
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Nationalism
THE GOOD• Having a large, strong
army made citizens feel patriotic
THE BAD• When one nation is
militaristic, its neighbors often do the same to protect their own people
• This fuels an arms race, creating tension
MAJOR MILITARISTIC POWERS:
Germany: build up of armsUntersee boats (U-Boats)
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Nationalism Questions• What is nationalism? What are the
two different kinds of nationalism?
nationalism is a strong devotion to a national group or culture
1) desire of subject people for independence
2) desire of independent nations for dominance & prestige
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Nationalism Questions
• What areas did France lose to Germany in 1871? How would you feel as a person who lived in that area? What would you do?
Alsace-Lorraine was lost to Germany
upset because I didn’t have a say in all of the sudden having a new government
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Nationalism Questions
• Which country had the largest overseas empire? Which kind of nationalism did this country have?
Great Britain
second kind, to keep dominance & prestige
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Nationalism Questions
• How was nationalism a cause of WWI?
some areas had a lot of ethnic unrest & wanted their own countries
ex: Serbia & Austria-Hungary
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Assassination
• The “spark” that started WWI
• On June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia
• The region this happened, called The Balkans, was considered a “powder keg” for tension:– Dfda
– Dfeddf
– dfdfd
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at
Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28, 1914
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• Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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The Point of No Return
• Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
• Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.
• Russia pledged their support for Serbia.
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• Germany declares war on Russia
• France pledges their support for Russia
• Germany declares war on France
• Germany invades Belgium on the way to France
• Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany
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Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central Central PowersPowers::Central Central PowersPowers::
World War IWorld War IWorld War IWorld War I
Great Britain
France
Russia
Italy
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
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