Download - World War I
World War I
Self-Determinis
m
Beginning of the War in Europe
1914 Germany and Austria-Hungary=
Central Powers Britain, France and Russia= Allied
Powers
NationalismAssassinatio
n of Franz Ferdinand
The Two Sides Central Powers
› Germany › Austria-Hungary
Allied Powers› France› Britain› Russia
The United States Remained NEUTRAL for 3 years President Wilson- “We must be
impartial in thought as well as in action”
Most Americans did take sides› German and Irish Americans sided with
Germans› Many others sided with the British,
including Wilson’s cabinet members
Propaganda of WWI
Economic Impact Boom-
› Bankers lending $$ to Allies
Forced trade exclusively with Allies› British blockade ended trade with Germany› British controlled shipping lanes across the
Atlantic
German ResponseBlockade of German supply ships led to..
Germany using U-boats Germany announced they would sink
ships, without warning, found in the water near Britain› Included merchant ships and other civilian
ships› Unable to determine neutral from non-
neutral
Wilson America will continue to be neutral America will continue to trade with
Britain Germany will be held accountable for
any attacks on American citizens
Lusitania British passenger ship sunk near
Ireland by a German U-boat May 7, 1915 1,200 died - 128 Americans Americans were divided over the issue
of war with Germany Germany continued attacking ships
Lusitania
Sussex French passenger ship attacked in
March 1916 Wilson demanded Germany provide
warning before attacking merchant and passenger ships or the US would end diplomatic relations
Germany agreed providing the US agreed to their pledge amendment
Sussex pledge- add on The US would be responsible for
persuading the Allies to modify their blockade
Wilson agreed to the pledge but acknowledged the “add-on” was impossible
Election of 1916 T. Roosevelt refused to accept the
nomination for the Bull Moose Party- to avoid splitting the votes again
Republican Party = Charles Hughes Democratic Party = Woodrow Wilson
Wilson wins by a small margin
January 22, 1917 Germany calls for “unrestricted
submarine warfare in the war zone” US breaks diplomatic ties with
Germany Wilson requests the authority to arm
American merchant ships
Zimmerman note German, Arthur Zimmerman sent a
letter to Mexico proposing a German-Mexican alliance
Zimmerman offered Mexico American land in exchange for their help
The letter was intercepted and published in March 1917
Declaration of War “overt” attacks on American vessels Wilson asked Congress to declare on April
2, 1917 “to make the world safe for democracy”
Reasons:› Attacks on civilians› Germany’s brutality› Zimmerman note
US ENTERS THE WAR- 1917
Wilson’s 14 Points Moral leader of the Allies 14 Points address to Congress Outlined goals Read pgs. 258-262 (only “Wilson’s
Points”) and take notes on the various points
Selling the War George Creel Committee on Public Information (CPI) Use various forms of propaganda to sell
the war to Americans› “four minute men”› Posters, pamphlets and brochures› Music (“Over There”)› Movies – anti-German
Enforced Loyalty Anti-German sentiment in the US-
feared they were German spies Espionage Act-1917 & Sedition Act-
1918› Prohibited anyone from making “disloyal”
or “abusive” remarks about the US govt. Allowed for the imprisonment of up to 20 yrs for persons who either tried to incite rebellion in the armed forces or obstruct the operation of the draft.
› Led to the prosecution of 2,000+ people including Socialist Eugene Debs and IWW leader Bill Haywood
Schenck v. United States Read the information about the case
and answer questions 1-5 on a separate sheet of paper.
You may complete this assignment outdoors
Schenck v. United States upheld constitutionality of infringing on
1st Amendment rights in times of “clear and present danger”
HOMEFRONT
War Industries Board Bernard Baruch Federal government takes a “central role
in economic planning” during wartime Industry (factories) changed over to war
preparations Issued production quotas and set prices Took over the RR Required nation to observe daylight
savings to save fuel (extend daylight hrs)
National War Labor Board Worked to prevent strikes during the
war Unemployed men were drafted into the
war Concessions were granted for laborers
to include: shorter workdays and higher wages
African Americans Migrations to northern cities to take
industrial jobs Took jobs as strikebreakers Appearance in cities led to race riots
› St. Louis Race Riot- 1917› Chicago Race Riot- 1919
Women Joined workforce while men fought
abroad Army nurses worked on the frontlines Most women left their jobs post-war Expansion of the right to vote to
northern and eastern states led to the 19 Amendment in 1920› Women’s suffrage
Food Administration Herbert C. Hoover Voluntary compliance through
propaganda Wheatless Wednesdays and Meatless
Tuesdays “Victory gardens” Restrictions on the use of foodstuffs for
making alcohol › Many German brewers› Led to prohibition (18th Amendment, 1918)
Fuel Administration Save fuel and help war cause “Heatless Mondays” “Lightless nights” “gasless Sundays”
Liberty Bonds War bonds were sold to raise $$ for the
war effort Posters and billboards were used to
advertise Sold during the beginning of movies
Raising an army Draft Act required men ages 18-45 to
register You could not…
› Hire a substitute› Pay to be exempt
Exemptions were given to men employed in specialized industries
Women and African Americans were accepted into segregated& specialized units
The War Ends Kaiser is forced to flee from Germany
before Allies would negotiate with them Major contributions of Americans:
› Food› Munitions› Oil › Manpower
Paris Conference Big Four
› United States- Woodrow Wilson› Italy- Vittorio Orlando› Britain- David Lloyd George› France- Georges Clemenceau
January 1919 Wilson wanted a League of Nations and
to prevent “vengeful” actions
Treaty of Versailles (1919) Demands for war reparations Germans expected peace and
reconciliation, not vengeance Wilson compromised away most of his
14 Points to save the League of Nations
Battle over the League Wilson brought the treaty home to
protest from Republicans and isolationists
Immigrant groups were upset about the terms set for their native countries
Senator Lodge delayed the vote on the treaty
Wilson led a Presidential tour across the nation to talk about the League of Nation
Campaign led to Wilson’s collapse and stroke
Some members of Congress wanted to reserve the right to declare war for themselves
They did not want to be pulled into to war by another member of the League
Deadlock = death of treaty**Most Senators actually approved of
treaty