Download - World War I 1914-1918
World War I 1914-1918
Industrialization brings global ‘interdependence’ – nations depend on each other. Isolationism becomes obsolete as militarism, nationalism, and imperialism spread.
1914
Our Agenda:Classwork:1. Map: Europe 1914
a. Fill-in countriesb. Highlight alliances (create key)
Homework:• WWI Vocab –Monday, 1/10• WWI, Chapter Outline (fill-in blanks)
– Tues., 1/11• World War I Quiz (Map, Outline,
Notes) – Wed., 1/12 (this will not be open-note)
World War I: 1914-1918
“The Great War”Directions:
1. Open textbook to p. 704 (Connections)
2. Label the countries on the map provided.
3. Create a KEY to differentiate among the different alliances,
and neutral nations.
Announcements
1. Hand in Guided Reading, Ch. 27, Section 1
2. Quiz Thursday (Geography & Ch. 27, Section 1) – if it snows…Friday.
3. Graphic Organizer, Thurs., 1/13 (even if it snows!)
4. Guiding Questions, Tuesday, 1/18
Your new Global class…play along!
What will your class “feel” like? Your thoughts?
Bob is a friend of Frank. Frank and Rick are good friends and have agreed that if either is ever in a fight, the other boy will come to the rescue. Most of the boys in the class have obtained weapons in case of a fight. Greg, Ira and Alan are also good friends and have an agreement to fight if one is attacked. Frank and Greg hate each other because Greg beat up Frank a few years ago. Greg is jealous of Bob because Bob is a better swimmer on the school team. Sam and Rick are good friends as their backgrounds are similar, and Alan is always picking on Sam. Rick will protect Sam from Alan. Barney is small in size and gets picked on; he has convinced Bob to help him if he is ever attacked. All the boys love Cathy; each one thinks he is best and deserves her.
Long-Term Causes of World War I
• Directions:– Visit all 4 stations in the classroom.
Each station represents a “cause” of WWI.
– Analyze the sources at each station to determine the “cause” that is being represented.
– Label the “cause” on the handout provided (Title).
World War I: 1914-1918
“The Great War”What was the “spark” that led to the start of WWI?
Who: (was involved?)
What: (happened?)
Where: (did it happen?)
When: (did it happen?)
Why: (did it happen?)
How: (did it happen?)
How did this spark lead to a World
War? (explain)
Do Now:1.What is an alliance?2.Why do people form
them?3.How do people select
who they want to make an alliance
with?4.Why could alliances
be dangerous?
Homework: Due Wed., 1/12Complete graphic organizer based on
today’s class activity.
Directions:
• Identify: M.A.I.N
• A: Definition
• B & C: Examples
Do Now:
1. Why is A-H & the Balkan Peninsula known as the “Powder Keg” of Europe?
2. Why is the Ottoman Empire known as the “Sick Man of Europe”
3. Who started World War I? Defend your answer.
Causes of WWI
Long Term
Causes
“The Spark”
• Presence of the AH Empire: mixed nationalities that resented foreign rule
• Serbia independent – (desire to unite Slavs)
• Russian interest in Balkan peninsula – (secret treaty with Serbia)
Why is Russia interested in the Balkan Peninsula?
“Slavic Brothers,” Access to Med Sea (militarism/warm
water ports)• 1908: A-H annexes
Bosnia/Herzegovina
The Balkan Peninsula, 1914
Austria-Hungary & the Balkan Peninsula
“Powder Keg of Europe”
• MANY ethnic groups (Czechs, Romanians, Poles & Serbs)
• Desire national independence
• Threat to A-H
“The Sick Man of Europe” Ottoman Empire
• As nationalism
grew, people of Balkan peninsula
gained independence
• Loss of territory to
Russia
“The Spark”
Assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife on June 28th, 1914 in Sarajevo (Austrian-Hungary Province)
Who did it? Gavrilo Princip
WHO IS HE?Bosnian RevolutionaryBlack HandInstrument of Serbian government?
Seal of the Black Hand
The Austrian Response
“Demands must be put to Serbia that would be wholly impossible
for them to accept.”
Count Berchtold (Austrian PM)
Bethmann Hollweg (German PM)
GERMANY REACTS
“The Blank Check”Confidential - For Your Excellency's personal information and guidance
“His Majesty desires to say that he is not blind to the danger which threatens Austria-Hungary and thus the Triple Alliance . The Emperor Francis Joseph (AH) may be rest assured that His Majesty will faithfully stand by Austria-Hungary, as is required by the obligations of his alliance and of his ancient friendship.”
The UltimatumJuly 23, 1914
Suppress anti-AH hostility
Dismiss anti-AH officials
Allow AH to investigate assassination within Serbia
Trial in AH courts
48 hours to respond
Must accept all demands – or AH declares war
What do you think Serbia should do? Why?
German Motives
“The Austrian demands are moderate. Any interference by Britain, France, Russia will be
followed by incalculable consequences.”
Kaiser William II“Germany must have its place in the sun. The world belongs to the strong.”
Aggressive Foreign Policy
Alliance System In Action
July 28, 1914: A-H declares war on Serbia
July 29, 1914: Russia mobilizes
August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia
August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France
German Military StrategyHow do you fight a war on two fronts?
• “Schlieffen Plan:” Defeat France before Russians mobilizeHOW?
• Fastest Route: invade through Belgium – August 3, 1914
“The Schlieffen Plan”
Why did Britain get involved?August 4, 1914
Belgian NeutralityProtected by BritishBritain declares war on GermanyU.S. neutral; Loans Allies >$3 billion “There’s some
devilry going on in Berlin.”
(Sir Edward Grey: British Foreign
Secretary)
Alliances – Why?ALLIED POWERS CENTRAL POWERS
1. Germany
2. A-H
3. Ottoman Empire
1. England
2. France
3. Russia
4. Serbia
Naval Race
Arms Race Similar Culture
Resents Russia “Sick Man of Europe”
Lost territory
NATIONALIS
T
TENSIONS
“Sla
vic
bro
ther
s”
warm water ports
DE
MO
CR
AC
IES
“Talk a Mile A Minute“Topic: School
Teacher Student
Global History pencil
smartboard notes
suspension laughing
cutting study
“Talk a Mile A Minute“Topic: WWI
Alliances Militarism Nationalism
Imperialism “Sick Man of Europe”
“Powder Keg”
Industrialization Serbia
“Talk a Mile A Minute“Topic: WWI
Central Powers Allied
Powers Serbia Austria-
Hungary Belgium England Russia Ottoman Empire
Germany
“Talk a Mile A Minute“Topic: WWI
Gavrilo Princep
Black Hand ultimatum Schlieffen
Plan neutral
Blank Check Arms
Race Franz
Ferdinand alliances
“Talk a Mile A Minute“Topic: WWI
warm water ports
assassination
serbia ottoman
empire nationalism
imperialism central powers
militarism powder
keg
“Let’s Chat”
What caused WWI to occur?What nation should we blame for the war?Is the war justified?How could WWI have been avoided?Should nations follow a policy of isolationism? Why? Why not?What are the soldiers fighting for? (Name a country, rationale)
Dulce et Decorum Est
Rupert Brooke ~ “The Soldier”If I should die, think only this of me: That there's some corner of a foreign field That is forever England. There shall be In that rich earth a richer dust concealed; A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware, Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam, A body of England's, breathing English air, Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home. And think, this heart, all evil shed away, A pulse in the eternal mind, no less Gives somewhere back the thoughts by England given; Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day; And laughter, learnt of friends; and gentleness, In hearts at peace, under an English heaven.
French Troops Resting ~ C. R. W. Nevinson
CountriesTotal
MobilizedKilled
& Died Wounded
Prisoners& Missing
TotalCasualties
Casualties %
of Mobilized
Allied Powers
Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 9,150,000 76.3
France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000 6,160,800 76.3
British Empire 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 3,190,235 35.8
Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 2,197,000 39.1
United States 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,500 364,800 8.2
Japan 800,000 300 907 3 1,210 0.2
Romania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706 71.4
Serbia 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106 46.8
Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 93,061 34.9
Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 17,000 11.7
Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291 33.3
Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000 40.0
Total 42,188,810 5,152,115 12,831,004 4,121,090 22,104,209 52.3
Central Powers
Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 7,142,558 64.9
Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 7,020,000 90.0
Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000 975,000 34.2
Bulgaria 1,200,000 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919 22.2
Total 22,850,000 3,386,200 8,388,448 3,629,829 15,404,477 67.4
Grand Total 65,038,810 8,538,315 21,219,452 7,750,919 37,508,686 57.6
Allied PowersCost in Dollars
in 1914-18
United States 22,625,253,000
Great Britain 35,334,012,000
France 24,265,583,000
Russia 22,293,950,000
Italy 12,413,998,000
Belgium 1,154,468,000
Japan 40,000,000
Serbia 399,400,000
Total of all Costs
(including other
countries involved)
125,690,477,000
Central Powers Cost in Dollars in 1914-18
Germany 37,775,000,000
Austria-Hungary 20,622,960,000
Turkey 1,430,000,000
Bulgaria 815,200,000
Total of all Costs 60,643,160,000