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World War I12.0
Why it Happened
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The Causes of World War I
1.Militarism2.Alliances3.Imperialism4.Nationalism
= MAIN
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Militarism • The glorification of military strength by a country• Leads to huge buildup in armies, fortification of boundaries, and start of an Arms Race• Germany expands army and navy to compete w/ Britain• Britain expands Navy as result.
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Alliances• Formed by European countries during this time of militarism promising to aid one another in case of an attack• Creates armored camps w/ nations committed to go to war to defend allies
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Alliances• Triple Alliance –1882–Germany, Austria, and Italy–Italy would later switch sides
• Triple Entente – 1907–France, Russia, and Great Britain•Britain promised Belgium neutrality
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Imperialism
• Extending power outside a countries borders - colonies
• Early 1900’s -Competition of empires• Britain owned lands on five continents• France controlled large areas of Africa• Germany entered colonization late
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Nationalism• Pride in one’s country•Or…national independence of a culture instead of rule by a foreign power•Ex: Serbia
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World War I - Background
The Participants…
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Italy & Germany Become Nations
• 1860s ––Italy broke free from Austrian rule and became an independent nation
• 1870s – –Otto von Bismarck unifies the
German states into a single nation = Powerful Militarized
Nation in central Europe
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Bismarck’s Alliance System•Germany – great military power•Needed to protect Germany from enemies – France
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The Balkans
• Located in Central Europe• The “Powder Keg” of Europe•Very strong spirit of nationalism•Many different ethnicities
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The Balkans• Ottoman Empire (Turkey)–Ruled the Balkans–1400s – 1800s
• Throughout the 1800s the major ethnic groups of the Balkans fought for their independence
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The Greeks• Revolted in 1820 • Gained independence
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The Romanians• Revolted in 1859• Gained independence
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Slavic Countries• Revolted after war between the Ottoman Empire and Russia• Bulgarians, Montenegrins, Serbs gain independence
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Russia
• Balkans – ethnically Slav• Russia sees herself as protector of
the Slavs–Genuine attachment
• = chief ally • Russia – having trouble with
Revolutionaries (Lenin)• = sees war as way to re-establish
order
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Bosnia & Herzegovina•Occupied by Austria-Hungary
• Serbia had just gained independence–Saw Bosnia as its rightful territory
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Bosnia & Herzegovina• 1908 ––Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia
• Created open hostility w Slavs• The “Powder Keg” becomes unstable – going to Blow Up!!!