WORLD GEOGRAPHYCHAPTER 4 NOTES
SECTION 1
RESOURCES AND LAND USE
I. WORLD RESOURCES
• **THERE ARE MANY KINDS OF RESOURCES:
• ** Capital Resources Money and machines used to produce goods & services
• ** Human Resources Humans who perform various tasks and their skill.
A. NATURAL RESOURCES -2 types
• **These are materials in the natural environment that people give great value to and to satisfy their needs,
I) RENEWABLE RESOURCES
• RESOURCES THAT ARE CONSTANT OR ARE REGENERATED BY THE EARTH.
• EXAMPLES OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES MIGHT BE:
• a. SOIL• b. WATER THRU RAIN AND SNOW• c. SUNLIGHT d.WIND• **RENEWABLE RESOURCES CAN BE
INTERRUPTED BY MAN . AN EXAMPLE OF THIS MIGHT BE AN OIL SPILL AT SEA.
2) NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES
• A RESOURCE THAT CANNOT BE REPLACED WHEN IT IS USED.
• FOSSIL FUELS ARE THOSE FORMED FROM THE REMAINS OF ANCIENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS.
• EXAMPLES OF NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES MIGHT BE: a. COAL, b. NATURAL GAS c. OIL
• **ALSO MOST MINERALS (ALUMINUM, GOLD, IRON, COPPER ETC)
• ** MAN CAN LIMIT USE OF NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES THRU PROGRAMS LIKE RECYCLING.
II. ENERGY SOURCES
• A. FOSSIL FUELS-THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY AT THIS TIME.
• ** CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUELS WILL DETERMINE IF YOUR COUNTRY HAS THE ABILITY TO GROW IN INDUSTRY.
• ** POLITICAL TENSIONS AND WARS WILL RESULT OVER CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUELS.
• EXAMPLES OF FOSSIL FUEL MIGHT BE:• a. COAL b.OIL c.NATURAL GAS
ENERGY SOURCES • B. NUCLEAR ENERGY• CREATES VAST AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY
THROUGH NUCLEAR FISSION• **MANY PROBLEMS / CONCERNS ABOUT
NUCLEAR ENERGY:• 1) Dangers of leaks and explosions• 2) Toxic or dangerous wastes• 3) Uses up a non renewable source (Uranium)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnjGYHOePu0
C. HYDROELECTRIC POWER
• POWER OF RUNNING WATER TO CREATE ELECTRICITY.
• ** USE OF WATER, A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
• ** CREATE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS.
• EXPENSIVE TO BUILD AND CREATE• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEL7yc8
R42k
D. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• USE INTERNAL HEAT OF EARTH’S CORE TO CREATE POWER (ELECTRICITY) TO HEAT AND COOL BUILDINGS
• ** COMMON IN AREAS WITH VOLCANIC ACTIVITY--ICELAND
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfUQy86ZMpQ
E. SOLAR ENERGY• COLLECTING AND STORING SUN’S
ENERGY IN CELLS
• ** USE OF A RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
• EXPENSIVE TO FIRST CREATE
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvLljPClS-0
III. DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES
• A) RESOURCES AND ENERGY SOURCES ARE NOT EQUAL THROUGHOUT THE EARTH.
• ** POPULATION CENTERS(BIG CITIES) ARE LOCATED NEAR RESOURCES AND ENERGY SOURCES
• .**WHEN YOU DON’T HAVE THE RESOURCES THEN YOU HAVE TO TRADE FOR WHAT YOU NEED.
CHAPTER 4 NOTESSECTION 2
IV. WORLD ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
• A. PRIMARY ACTIVITIES--ANY ACTIVITY THAT RELIES DIRECTLY ON NATURAL RESOURCES.
• EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE:a. FARMING-CONSIDERED THE MOST IMPORTANT!!
• b. FISHING• c. MINING d. LUMBER• ** THE EARLIEST PRIMARY ACTIVITY
WAS HUNTING AND HERDING.
PRIMARY ACTIVITY TODAY• ** SUCCESS OF PRIMARY ACTIVITIES IS
BASED ON KNOWING ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT AND REGION YOU LIVE IN!
• ** IN POOR NATIONS OVER 50% FARM, WHILE IN NATIONS LIKE U.S. ONLY ABOUT 10% FARM.
• ** POOR NATIONS PRACTICE SUBSISTENT FARMING--GROWING ENOUGH FOR THEIR OWN FAMILY TO SURVIVE. (Called “SURVIVAL FARMING”)
• ** WEALTHY NATIONS PRACTICE COMMERCIAL FARMING--PRODUCING ENOUGH PRODUCTS TO SELL FOR PROFIT.
SECONDARY ACTIVITIES• USING RAW MATERIALS TO PRODUCE NEW
MATERIALS OF A GREATER VALUE (EXAMPLE:TURNING LUMBER INTO FURNITURE)
• 1) COTTAGE INDUSTRY-• a)Located near homes• b) Small industries in size, • c)Little technology-- Producing something by hand• 2) COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY Located in Big Cities• a) Large factories• b) Production of manufactured goods (clothing, cars, and
appliances)
C. TERTIARY ACTIVITIES
• SERVICE INDUSTRIES--People perform a job or task
• EXAMPLES OF TERTIARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE:
• a.DOCTORS
• b.FIREMEN
• c.SALESPEOPLE
• D. Car Mechanic
• E. Policeman
D. QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES
• GATHER, PROCESS AND SHARE INFORMATION.
• EXAMPLES OF QUARTERNARY ACTIVITIES MIGHT BE:
• a.POLITICIAN
• b.SCIENTIST
• c.TEACHER
• D. Lawyers
• E. News Anchors
V. GLOBAL TRADE PATTERNS
• A. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS-DEVELOPS WHEN A NATION HAS A SURPLUS OR SHORTAGE OF PRODUCTS
• **EXPORTS--PRODUCTS & GOODS SENT OUT OR TRADED OUT OF THE COUNTRY.
• **IMPORTS--PRODUCTS OR GOODS PURCHASED AND BROUGHT INTO THE COUNTRY.
GLOBAL TRADE PATTERNS• B. A TRADE BALANCE-A FAVORABLE
BALANCE BETWEEN IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
• **COUNTRIES WANT TO HAVE MORE EXPORTS THAN IMPORTS
• **TOO MANY IMPORTS HURTS THE ECONOMY.
• **TAXES CALLED --TARIFFS CAN LESSEN IMPORTS ( A tariff is a tax on any product imported into the country!)
C. TRADE ROUTES
• METHODS AND WAYS TO ESTABLISH TRADE
• ** DETERMINED BY GEOGRAPHY, TRANSPORTATION, AND RELATIONS WITH A TRADE PARTNER.
• **ELECTRONIC TRADING IS BECOMING VERY IMPORTANT
VI. LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT• A. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND TRADE
PATTERNS
• **DETERMINES THE LEVEL OF A COUNTRY’S DEVELOPMENT
• ** COUNTRIES WITH LITTLE TRADE OR ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ARE CALLED UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
• ** COUNTRIES THAT SHOW ECONOMIC PROGRESS ARE CALLED DEVELOPED OR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
• ADVANCED ECONOMIC COUNTRY
• A COUNTRY THAT PRACTICES OR USES ADVANCED TOCHNOLOGY.
• GLOBAL ECONOMICS– WORLD WIDE INDUSTRY AND TRADE.