Download - Works and influences of hector guimard
ARCHITECT D’ART MADE BY: NALIN BHATIA
ISHITA BHARTIA
Hector guimard
Ref: http://www.designtop100.com/designer/info/hector-guimard
THE FORMATIVE YEARS
1867
1882-1885 1885 1888
Born in Lyon
Ecole Nationale des Arts Decoratifs Paris
Ecole des Beaux- Arts
Interiors of Au Grand Neptune
Major Event Around 1893
Visit to Brussels and meeting with Victor Horta
INFLUENCES-
VIOLLET le DUC - French theorist best
known for his work Entretiens.
ANATOLE de BAUDOT – a student of
Viollet and Guimard’s master at Beaux- arts
VICTOR HORTA- Art Nouveau style
architect of Belgian origin
JAN TOOROP - artist
Evolution of Guimard’s Design Style
Ecole du sacre couer (1895) Style- Structural Rationalism Inspiration- Viollet- le- Duc ’s Entretiens
Castel Beranger (1894) Style- Art Nouveau Inspiration- Victor Horta’s Hotel Tassel
Guimard’s House (1910) Style- Urban, precisely assembled brick and dramatically sculptured stonework
Ref: http://berkshirereview.net/2012/09/19/guimard-english/#.UmaJ6BAuu58 Ref: http://artnouveau.pagesperso-orange.fr/en/artistes/guimard.htm
Castel Henriette (1900) Style- loose, rustic, mixed media expression
Paris metro station entrance (post 1899) Style- Art Nouveau Spidery Ferro vitreous
Ref: http://artnouveau.pagesperso-orange.fr/en/artistes/guimard.htm
In architecture there are two necessary ways of being true. It must be true according to the programme and true according to the methods of construction. To be true according to the programme is to fulfil exactly and simply the conditions imposed by need; to be true according to the methods of construction, is to employ the materials according to their qualities and properties… purely artistic questions of symmetry and apparent form are only secondary conditions in the presence of our dominant principles. Eugene Viollet-le-Duc Entretiens sur l’ architecture, 1863-72 (2)
Inspiration from viollet-le-duc
Type of construction: Masonry Original use: Primary school Completed in: 1895 State: Partially demolished
ECOLE DU SACRE COUER
1895 The school was built by Hector Guimard for the buildings Society for Education and Recreation youth. 1983 The school was destroyed except the lower part of the façade with its pillars V. Present Currently, the school building was converted into condominiums.
Ref: http://www.flickriver.com/photos/51366740@N07/5054647848/
Ecole du Sacre Couer, Paris, 1895 Hector Guimard
Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, market place Entretiens sur l’ architecture, 1863-72
STRUCTURAL RATIONALISM
Ref: http://www.johnstuartarchitecture.com/Temporary_link_to_past_lectures_and_rosters_files/Lecture%203%20July%201%20Structural%20Rationalism.pdf
Ref: http://rubens.anu.edu.au/raid2/no_dgb/pics/10/large/guimard_1978_p28_rc020702.jpg
Elevations of Ecole du Sacre Couer
The façade is of polychromatic brick masonry.
Cast iron frame windows in pastel green
Vents with curvilinear grills typical of art nouveau
Ref: http://berkshirereview.net/2012/09/19/guimard-english/#.UmaJ6BAuu58 Ref: http://rubens.anu.edu.au/raid2/no_dgb/pics/10/large/guimard_1978_p29d_rc020702.jpg
Current condition of Façade of Ecole du Sacre Couer. The front façade rests on I-girder which is Supported by V-shaped columns V support in caste iron of Ecole du
Sacre Couer
FEATURES
Arches is brick masonry supported on the main girder through I-beams encased in Stone.
The capitals of the column are ornamented in typical art nouveau style derived from nature.
Ref: http://www.destinationeurope.net/hector-guimard-art-nouveau-architecture-in-paris/
CASTEL BERANGER
Ref: http://openbuildings.com/buildings/castel-beranger-profile-38773
ARCHITECT Hector Guimard LOCATION Paris, France BUILDING TYPE Apartment Complex STYLE Art Nouveau YEAR OF COMPLETION 1898
• The Castel Beranger is a six-storey high tenement of thirty-six apartments
• Inspiration- Victor Horta’s Hotel Tassel
• An important transitional work in his career.
• The ground floor plan of Castel Beranger demonstrates Guimard’s approach to applying Art Nouveau concepts in the plan.
• The overall plan is asymmetrical.
• The rooms branch off a central courtyard.
• Each apartment is designed differently
FLOOR PLAN
CENTRAL COURTYARD
VESTIBULE
MAIN ENTRANCE Ref: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Castel_Beranger.html/Castel_Beranger_Plan.jpg
ELEVATIONS The elevation also shows that that building is completely asymmetrical. This is shown through different use of materials throughout the facade and placement varies across the façade. Windows of different shapes and sizes are used.
The structure is embellished by materials like brick, stone, iron and ceramics
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Brick masonry arches integrated with rubble masonry in stone.
Ref: http://perso.numericable.fr/gv1900/uk_fragrance1900/uk_castelgalerie1.htm Ref: http://www.pbase.com/seebee/image/70751992/original
FACADE TREATMENT
Curvilinear wrought iron grills on windows
Cast iron seahorse like figurines cling to the facade
Hippocampi or mask like figures on the railing
Ceramic art at the base of corner windows.
Ref: http://artnouveaugrupo9.blogspot.in/2012/01/arquitectura-castel-beranger-por-hector.html
ART NOUVEUA ELEMENTS
THE VESTIBULE
Molded Terracotta Tiles
Stencilled ceiling with Curvy whiplash lines.
Cast iron retaining bars forming an arch show patterns from Nature.
ENTRY GATE
Arch resting on two Stone columns
The base and capital of the columns are sculpted in such a manner that they seem to grow out of the stone itself.
Asymmetrical wrought iron gate showing curvy and whiplash lines
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Curvilinear lines incorporated even in elements such as balustrades and door handles
Stained glass windows
Brick and stone texture on exteriors with cast iron pastel green window frames again with curvaceous lines.
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JAN TOOROP INFLUENCE
Jon Toorop- Dutch
Indonesian artist
Graphic artist for Horta (2)
Ref: http://www.oilpainting-frame.com/picture/image-34007.htm
The three brides
Ground Floor and Mezzanine plan Hotel Tassel- Victor Horta 1893
Ground Floor plan of Castel Beranger Hector Guimard
Analysis of Plan
Simple geometrical plan
True to program as per Entretiens
Presence of Vestibule
Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm Ref: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Castel_Beranger.html/Castel_Beranger_Plan.jpg
Main Staircase of Castel Beranger Hector Guimard
Bottom of Staircase Hotel Tassel Victor Horta
Same serpentine natural forms
Material used is iron
Interior Analysis
Ref: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dalbera/5480999449/lightbox Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm
Entry Gate Castel Beranger
Window Castel Beranger
Door Hotel Tassel
Ref: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dalbera/5480999449/lightbox/ Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm
Exterior Façade Analysis
Hotel Tassel Victor Horta
Castel Beranger Hector Guimard
Stone Façade
Exposed Iron elements
Iron Bay window
Ref: http://openbuildings.com/buildings/castel-beranger-profile-38773 Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm
Hotel Tassel Victor Horta
Castel Beranger Hector Guimard
Exterior ornamentation
Exposed iron
Natural Forms on terraces
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LOCATION Paris, France DATE 1899 to 1905 timeline BUILDING TYPE Light rail rapid transit stations CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM Iron and glass CONTEXT Urban STYLE Art Nouveau
PARIS METRO ENTRANCES
Ref: http://www.macklowegallery.com/education.asp/art+nouveau/Artist Biographies/antiques/Decorative+Artists/education/Hector+Guimard/id/25
• Guimard's greatest success here was his famous
entrances to the Paris Métro, based on the
ornamented structures of Viollet-le-Duc.
• The Métro designs remain among the most
recognizable and admired Art Nouveau examples
and have been faithfully restored and reproduced
in cities and museums outside of Paris.
METRO ENTRANCES
OPEN TYPE COVERED TYPE
Guimard designed 3 types of entrance. Built in cast iron, they make heavy reference to the symbolism of plants. 141 entrances were constructed between 1900 and 1912, of which 86 still exist.
ENCLOSED TYPE
Bréguet-Sabin Metro Station Abbesses metro station Porte Dauphine metro station
Ref: http://viaggiviniecucine.blogspot.in/2011/06/great-free-walking-tours-of-paris.html
FEATURES
The open type entrance features stem like posts holding red shade lamps which seem like tulips
The railing present in the open and covered types depict a shield.
Ref: http://www.victorianweb.org/art/design/artnouveau/9b.html
Glass covering on closed type
Glass covering on covered type
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Bibliography
Duncan, Alistair. Art Nouveau. London. Thames and Hudson Ltd., June 1994. ISBN 0500202737
Frampton, Keneth. K Modern Architecture. 3rd edition, London. Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1992.
ISBN 0500202575
Ayers, Andrew. The Architecture of Paris: An Architectural Guide. Axel Menges. Stuttgart, 2004.
ISBN 393069896X
Bucknall, Benjamin. Discourses on Architecture, Grove Press, New York, 1959.
Hector Guimard. Architect.<http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-london/plain/A673562>.
Biography of Hector Guimard.<http://hublotiere.free.fr/english/guimard.html>.
Pile, John F. A History of Interior Design. Laurence King Publishing, 2005. ISBN 0471464341.
artarchitecture.com/Temporary_link_to_past_lectures_and_rosters_files/Lecture%203%20July%201%20Structural%20Rationalism.pdf