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© 2015 HDR, Inc., all rights reserved.
Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding and Addressing Bias
Nicki Pozos, PhD, PE
Stefanie Mosteller
PNWS
May 5, 2016
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Source: The Blind Spot, Banaji and Greenwald
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Facing and addressing bias is the
challenge of our time
Source: The Blind Spot, Banaji and Greenwald
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I almost named this
presentation:
“Just another sexist woman.”
Source: The Blind Spot, Banaji and GreenwaldWe are all both the “victims” and “perpetrators” of bias
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Our mind does much of its work
Automatically
Unconsciously
Unintentionally
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a. 300
b. 6,000
c. 8,000
d. 11,000
Guess how many bits of information we are exposed to
at any moment in time?
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a. 300
b. 6,000
c. 8,000
d. 11,000
Guess how many bits of information we are exposed to
at any moment in time?
![Page 8: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
a. 5
b. 40
c. 200
d. 600
Guess how many bits of information we can
consciously process at any given time?
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a. 5
b. 40
c. 200
d. 600
Guess how many bits of information we can
consciously process at any given time?
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99.9% of our information is processed by our unconscious
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Our brains create
categories to help us
navigate the world
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Implicit Association Test
Developed by Greenwald, Banaji, and Nosek
Tests have been completed by over 14 million people
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THE IMPLICIT ASSOCIATION TEST (IAT)
Flower Names: orchid, daffodil, lilac, rose, tulip, daisy, lily
Insect Names: flea, centipede, gnat, wasp, roach, moth,
weevil
Pleasant-meaning words: gentle, heaven, cheer, love, enjoy,
happy, friend
Unpleasant-meaning words: damage, vomit, hurt, poison,
evil, gloom, ugly
Sources:
Project Implicit
Blind Spot – Hidden Biases of Good People, Mahzarin R. Banaji & Anthony Greenwald
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INSECTS FLOWERS
ROSE
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INSECTS FLOWERS
centipede
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INSECTS FLOWERS
DAFFODIL
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pleasant
words
unpleasant
words
NEW
CATEGORY
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pleasant
words
unpleasant
words
ugly
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pleasant
words
unpleasant
words
LOVE
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pleasant
words
unpleasant
words
vomit
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READY?
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INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
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INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
ORCHID
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INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
gentle
![Page 25: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
ROSE
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INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
heaven
![Page 27: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
FLEA
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INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
damage
![Page 29: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
DAFFODIL
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INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
cheer
![Page 31: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
CENTIPEDE
![Page 32: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
vomit
![Page 33: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
GNAT
![Page 34: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
hurt
![Page 35: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
LILAC
![Page 36: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
love
![Page 37: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
TULIP
![Page 38: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
enjoy
![Page 39: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
WASP
![Page 40: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
poison
![Page 41: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
ROACH
![Page 42: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
evil
![Page 43: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
DAISY
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INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
gloom
![Page 45: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
MOTH
![Page 46: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
ugly
![Page 47: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
WEEVIL
![Page 48: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
happy
![Page 49: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
LILY
![Page 50: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
friend
![Page 51: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
![Page 53: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
FLEA
![Page 54: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
gentle
![Page 55: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
ORCHID
![Page 56: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
evil
![Page 57: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
ROSE
![Page 58: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
damage
![Page 59: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
DAFFODIL
![Page 60: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
cheer
![Page 61: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
CENTIPEDE
![Page 62: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
vomit
![Page 63: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
LILAC
![Page 64: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
hurt
![Page 65: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
TULIP
![Page 66: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
love
![Page 67: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
GNAT
![Page 68: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
enjoy
![Page 69: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
WASP
![Page 70: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
poison
![Page 71: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
ROACH
![Page 72: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
heaven
![Page 73: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
DAISY
![Page 74: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
gloom
![Page 75: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
LILY
![Page 76: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
ugly
![Page 77: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
MOTH
![Page 78: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
happy
![Page 79: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
WEEVIL
![Page 80: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
words
friend
![Page 81: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
FLOWERS
or pleasant
words
INSECTS or
unpleasant
wordsTest 1
Test 2
?INSECTS
or pleasant
words
FLOWERS or
unpleasant
words
![Page 82: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Wikipedia, Implicit Association Test
Most people associate women more strongly with liberal arts and men
more strongly with science
Most people associate women more strongly with family and men more
strongly with careers
Most white people have an implicit preference for white people over
black people; Half of black have a preference for black people
Most people have an implicit preference for young people over older
people, regardless of their age.
![Page 83: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
“I am aware of the possibility of encountering
interpretations of my IAT test performance with
which I may not agree.”
Implicit Association Test
![Page 84: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
It’s true.
![Page 85: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Conscious Unconscious
![Page 86: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
So how does this affect our
organizations?
![Page 87: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Bias at Work
![Page 88: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Source: CDO Insights, August 2008,
Volume 2, Issue 5,
diversitybestpractices.com
![Page 89: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
What happened?
![Page 90: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Recruit
Make hiring decisions
Listen to people’s ideas
Select our leaders
Now imagine if the Sally-John dynamic occurred
in the way we:
![Page 91: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
12%
35%
64% 68%
Anglo-SaxonNames
Italian Names IndigenousNames
Middle EasternNames
Chinese Names
Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena,
Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across Minority Groups?
Evidence from a Field Experiment (December 9, 2009)
Number of resumes submitted to get
equivalent number of interviews
![Page 92: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Why does
it matter?
![Page 93: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Forbes Insight Study found diversity is
a key driver of innovation
McKinsey – companies with diverse
executive board have significantly
higher earnings
PwC’s 18th Annual CEO Survey –
85% of CEOs who have a diversity
and inclusiveness strategy say it has
enhanced business performance
![Page 94: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
What can we do?
![Page 95: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
We can actually change
our subconscious biases
1
![Page 96: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Walk boldly toward our biases
![Page 97: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Think Differently: Make a conscious
effort to seek out people with
different backgrounds
Learn Differently: Seek
opportunities to immerse yourself in
environment outside your comfort
zone
Act Differently: Take deliberate
actions to disrupt normal processes
![Page 98: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Transform
subconscious conscious
2
![Page 99: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Source: Everyday Bias – Identifying and Navigating Unconscious Judgments in our
Daily Lives, Howard J. Ross
Be aware
(2004) White referees called
fouls at a greater rate against
black players than white
players and the same was true
for black referees.
(2007) The study had
attracted widespread
media attention and the
bias virtually disappeared
![Page 100: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Example: Review a presentation on bias before
interviewing a candidate
What could you do to be aware?
![Page 101: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Reduce the opportunity
for bias
3
![Page 102: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Source: Everyday Bias – Identifying and Navigating Unconscious Judgments in our
Daily Lives, Howard J. Ross
Orchestras went from <12% female in the 1980s to 37% in 2009
A key factor was instituting blind auditions
![Page 103: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Example: Remove names during resume
screenings
What could you do to reduce the
opportunity for bias?
![Page 104: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
What is one thing
you will do?
![Page 105: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Resources
Blind Spot – Hidden Biases of Good People (Mahzarin R. Banaji and Anthony
Greenwald)
Everyday Bias – Identifying and Navigating Unconscious Judgments in Our
Daily Lives (Howard J. Ross)
Project Implicit (https://implicit.harvard.edu)
Outsmarting our Brains – Overcoming hidden biases to harness diversity’s true
potential (Ernst & Young and RBC)
Hidden Bias: How Unconscious Attitudes on Diversity Undermine Organizations
and What to do about it (Gerald J. Holder)
![Page 106: Working Toward the Utility of the Future by Understanding ... · Source: Booth, Alison L. and Leigh, Andrew and Varganova, Elena, Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050608/5faf3a5c18b18a7900631899/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Resources (continued)
Outsmart your own biases (Harvard Business Review, May 2015)
Yassmin Abdel-Magied: What does my headscarf mean to you? Ted Talk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18zvlz5CxPE
Women at Work series, New York Times, Dec. 6, 2014; January 12, 2015; February 6,
2015
How to recognize (and overcome) your unconscious biases in hiring (Fast
Company, Heidi Grant Halvorson, Mar. 4, 2015)
You’re more biased than you think (Jane Porter, Oct. 6, 2014)