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Working and Working and WritingWriting
in Teamsin Teams
Module EighteenModule Eighteen
Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin
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Learning Objectives
LO 18-1 Identify message types for the group’s attention.
LO 18-2 Classify roles for group members.LO 18-3 Apply strategies for leadership without
arrogance.LO 18-4 Apply strategies for conflict resolution.LO 18-5 Apply strategies for co-authorship of
documents.
18-2
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Possible Group Ground Rules
18-3
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What kinds of messages should groups attend to?
Informational Focus on the problem or challenge, data, and
possible solutions. Procedural
Focus on methods and process. Interpersonal
Focus on people, promoting friendliness, cooperation, and group loyalty.
18-4
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Stages of Group Development
Orientation Members meet and begin to define their task develop social cohesiveness.
Formation Members choose a leader and define the
problem.
18-5
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Stages of Group Development
Coordination Members do most of the work; the longest
phase. Formalization
Members seek consensus.
18-6
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What roles do people play in groups?
18-7
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What roles do people play in groups?
Encouraging Participation
Relieving Tensions Checking Feelings Solving Interpersonal
Problems Listening Actively
18-8
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What roles do people play in groups?
18-9
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Leadership in Groups
Informational leaders generate and evaluate ideas and text.
Interpersonal leaders monitor the group’s process, check people’s
feelings, and resolve conflicts.
18-10
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Leadership in Groups
Procedural leaders set the agenda, make sure that everyone knows
what’s due for the next meeting, communicate with absent group members, and check to be sure that assignments are carried out.
18-11
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Characteristics of Successful Student Groups
1. The leader sets clear deadlines, scheduled frequent meetings, and dealt directly with conflict that emerged in the group
2. Listens to criticism and makes important decisions together
3. Has a higher proportion of members who work actively on projects
18-12
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Leading Without Being Arrogant
18-13
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Peer Pressure and Groupthink
Groupthink The tendency for
groups to put such a high premium on agreement that they directly or indirectly punish dissent.
18-14
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Peer Pressure and Groupthink
The best correctives to groupthink are to Consciously search for additional alternatives Test assumptions against those of a range of other
people Encourage disagreement Protect the right of people in a group to disagree
18-15
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How should we handle conflict?
Make responsibilities and ground rules clear at the beginning.
Discuss problems as they arise. Realize that group members are not
responsible for each others’ happiness.
18-16
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Troubleshooting Group Problems
18-17
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How should we handle conflict?
Make sure that the people involved really disagree
Check to see that everyone’s information is correct
Discover the needs each person is trying to meet
Search for alternatives Repair bad feelings
18-18
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To Respond to Criticism
Paraphrase Check for feelings Check for inferences Buy time with
limited agreement
18-19
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How can we create the best co-authored documents?
Make your analysis of the problem, the audience, and your purposes explicit
Plan the organization, format, and style of the document before anyone begins to write
Consider your work styles and other commitments Build some leeway into your deadlines.
18-20
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How can we create the best co-authored documents?
Allow time to discuss problems and find solutions. Get to know group members. Be a responsible group member. Be aware of differences in seeing things and
expressing ideas. Don’t assume that because the discussion went
smoothly, a draft written by one person will necessarily be acceptable.
18-21