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Workers, Unions, and Social DemocracyHistory 323 / Feb. 18, 2013
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Ferdinand Lassalle(1825-1864)
General German Workers’ Federation
(ADAV), 1863
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August Bebel(1840-1913)
SAPD (1875)becomes
SPD (1890)
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Max Hödel fires on Wilhelm I (May 11, 1878)
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Cartoon from Punch(1878)
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Bismarck steers toward a new
coalition
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Police breaking up socialist meetings
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Reichstag elections of the 1880s (% of votes cast)
10/27/81 10/28/84 2/21/87 2/20/90
Conservatives 16.3 15.2 15.2 12.4
Free conservs. 7.5 6.9 9.8 6.7
National liberals 12.6 + 8.1
17.6 22.2 16.3
Progressives/Freethinkers
12.7 17.6 12.9 16.0
Center 23.2 22.6 20.1 18.6
Social Dems. 6.1 9.7 10.1 19.7
Others 13.5 10.5 9.7 10.3
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The Social Democratic delegation to the Reichstag (1889)
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Friedrich III
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Wilhelm II (seen here with England’s Queen Victoria)
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“Dropping the pilot”(Punch, March 1890)
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Adolph von Menzel, The Iron Rolling Mill (1875)
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Shift change in the Saarland
(ca. 1899)
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Visit to Krupp, ca. 1910
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Production at AEG, Berlin, ca. 1900
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Robert Koehler, The Strike (1886)
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Union membership in Germany, 1887-1914(dark blue = socialist unions; pink = Catholic unions;
yellow = liberal unions; light blue = total)
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Industrial wage earners1882 4.8 million (23.7% of all employed)1895 7.2 million (29.6% of all employed)1907 10.6 million (33.5% of all employed)
Average work week1860s 78 hours1871 72 hours1885/90 66 hours1910/13 53-57 hours
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The architecture of “rental barracks”
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Workers’ quarters,ca. 1910