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FAMILY VIOLENCE AND ITS IMPACT
ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT
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Gender-Based Violence as a Violation
of Womens Human Rights
Gender-based violence in general and violence
against women by their partners in particular is ahistorical phenomenon in many cultures, with no
limits of age, social class, race, ideology or
religion.
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Several decades ago, the various manifestations of
this type of violence began to be understood as a
violation of human rights, based on the principleof the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
All human beings are born free and equal in
dignity and rights.
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International Conferences and Instruments
The UN General Assemblys adoption of the Convention
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
against Women (1979).
The World Conference to Review and Appraise the
Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women:
Equality, Development and Peace (Nairobi, 1985).
The UN General Assemblys proclamation of the
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against
Women, to reinforce and supplement the process that
began in 1979 (Vienna, 1993).
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Thus gender-based violence was configured as a
complex issue whose existence is based
fundamentally on the inequality between men andwomen an inequality that is culturally
constructed, and which is legitimized and
reproduced by social structures.
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Types of Gender-Based Violence
From emotional violence (insults, threats) tophysical violence (pushing, hitting, gun andknife attacks, murder).
From sexual harassment to sexual exploitationand trafficking of girls and women.
From genital mutilation to slavery.
From mass rapes and sexual tortures duringwartime to the rape of refugee and displacedgirls and women.
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Family Violence
The most common and perverse
manifestation of violence against women is
that which is inflicted in their most intimateenvironments, in surroundings that are
supposed to welcome, cultivate, develop
and bring out the best in human beings the family.
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Declaration on the Elimination of
Violence Against Women
The term violence against women means any act of
gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result
in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to
women, including threats of such acts, coercion or
arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public
or in private life.
(UN General Assembly, 1993)
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Progress at the International Level
The Organization of American States (OAS), through theInter-American Commission of Women (CIM), drafted theInter-American Convention to Prevent, Sanction and
Eradicate Violence against Women Convention ofBelm do Par.
States that ratified this 1994 Convention made aninternational agreement to sanction violence againstwomen, to protect victims, and to promote the conditionsnecessary for its eradication, as a way to continue making
progress and to supplement other international instruments.
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Chile: 1994
Enactment of the Family Violence Act, following
four years of Parliamentary proceedings.
A strong message from the state regardingpunishment of family violence.
A clear indication that this is an issue of
profound interest to the state, as it gives familyviolence an eminently social character.
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Violence Against Women
in the Family Sphere
Today there is a broader awareness that
all women, regardless of their age,
race, religion or social condition, are
vulnerable or exposed to violence and
abuses of power by their partners.
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Effects of Family Violence
on Womens Lives Life with a violent partner can have physical,
social, emotional and psychological effects on
women, in both the short and long term.
This results in lower self-esteem, loss of
confidence in themselves and others, isolation,
depression, and suicidal tendencies.
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Family Violence and its Impact on Children
Women who are victims of violence and who suffereffects on their health and physical, mental andemotional condition will have more difficulty givingtheir children the appropriate attention, affection and
care.
Witnessing violence leaves children very scared,distressed and anxious about their own safety and thatof their mother and siblings.
Around 60% of children who live with an abusedmother are or will be directly abused by theirmothers aggressor.
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Children who experience family violence alsodevelop coping strategies. One of the mostcommon strategies is skipping school, whichalways exposes them to other risks.
Other coping strategies include alcohol and druguse, involvement in street fights, and self-destructive behaviors.
Studies show that children who are abused aremore likely to suffer psychiatric disorders inadulthood, and reproduce and/or become victimsof violent behavior.
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Some Consequences of Family Violence
Family violence is a problem that affects all the members ofthe family, and whose impact is harmful to society as awhole.
In many countries, domestic violence is considered a publichealth problem that mainly affects women and theirchildren.
According to the World Bank, in established marketeconomies, gender-based violence is responsible for oneout of every five healthy days of life lost to women of
reproductive age. Gender-based violence causes more deaths and disabilities
among women between the ages of 15 and 44 than cancer,malaria, traffic accidents, and even war.
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Final Remarks
Family violence is part of an extensive range of violent acts
that occur in the private and public spheres, committed
mainly by men, and whose principal victims are women
and children.
Violence against women, particularly at the hands of their
partners, is a serious human rights violation, and an
obstacle to the development of democratic societies.
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Family violence limits or hinders womens full exercise of
their rights. Therefore, addressing this problem will always
require policies and actions to which states are activelycommitted.
Family violence will always have a devastating effect on
the lives of children, since it is an experience of brutal
isolation for them, and asking for help can be a difficult,solitary exercise.
The issue of family violence must be addressed from a
gender-based perspective, especially with children and
starting at a very early age working with them to buildnew gender references that are equitable and democratic.
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