Download - Women and Dependency
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Dependency of Single Women on Caregivers
Ravi Samuel MA, MPhil, PGCARM(Lond) [PhD]
Psychotherapist
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IntroductionThe Fact: Dependence of girl on the
mother, then the father, then the husband, then the children is a common phenomena.
Actually no different for a man!
Dependence refers to relying on a family member or relatives or friends for food, caring for the children, accommodation
and security.
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Introduction Increasing Single Women
(Clinical Observations)
Changes and Challenges in the society
(Research Observations)
What needs to be done?
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Psycho-Social Changes in India
Education and Financial Independence
Employment opportunities
Migrating to other cities and even abroadFinancial independence gives choice of living alone
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Psycho-Social Changes in India
Nuclear Family system – gives choice for individual freedom
Not bound by whole range of relatives decisions and opinions.
Parents easily go by the decisions of the children, do not impose much of cultural or traditional values
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Psycho-Social Changes in India
Breaking up of Marriage (Weds and Vs.)
Marriage breaks up after few days to few decades.
Girls come back to the mother’s house if they have children
Some choose to live alone if they are having a relationship with someone.
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http://www.indidivorce.com/divorce-rate-in-india.html
Over the past four years the divorce rate in Delhi almost doubled in 2008.
In 2006, Bangalore, the IT hub of India 1,246 cases of divorce
It has been estimated Mumbai has shot up to 4,138 in 2007 Kolkata and Chennai, are no less behind.
Kerala, known to be the most literate state has experienced an increase of divorce rate by 350% in the last 10 years.
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Lisa Lau. Middle Class Indian Woman Seeking Personal Autonomy. JOURNAL OF SOUTH ASIAN
DEVELOPMENT 2010 5: 271.
Autonomy vs. Family and Social Roles
Lack of sexual freedom
Overcoming impositions - torch bearers of culture and traditions
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Paula Banerjee The Acts and Facts of Women's Autonomy in India
Diogenes 2006 53: 85
Abolition of Sati in 1829Age of Consent Bill in 1892
Indian Marriages Act. In 1864Indian Succession Act of 1865
Indian Divorce Act 1869Hindu Women’s Right to Divorce Bill
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Paula BanerjeeDepartment of South and Southeast Asian Studies,University of Calcutta and Calcutta Research Group
Hindu Women’s Right to Property Act of 1937
The United Nations declared 1975–85 as decade for women
Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
Domestic Violence Act 2005
Ramakrishna Hegde’s Karnataka Govt1983 25 mandating 25 per cent representation for
women now
One third of the seats are for women.
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Yamini Narayanan Violence Against Women in Delhi: A Sustainability Problematic, JOURNAL OF SOUTH ASIAN
DEVELOPMENT 2012 7: 1
Delhi ranks the highest of all Indian cities in crimes against Women:
dowry deaths, domestic violence and psychological
torture, rape,
abduction and molestation
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Are Dowry Deaths are replacing Rape?
Rape is the consequence of the double standards we adopt with sexuality,
pornography and gay/lesbian choicesOnly the individual has the right to choose
his sexuality
Rape is a social illness not isolated problems of few men
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Vinitha Johnson Women and the Internet : A Micro Study in Chennai, India Indian Journal of Gender Studies 2010 17: 151
The number of women online in India has crossed the 12 million
The Internet is AvoidableUntil it becomes a Necessity
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Vinitha Johnson Women and the Internet : A Micro Study in Chennai, India Indian Journal of Gender Studies 2010 17: 151
The number of women online in India has crossed the 12 million
The Internet is AvoidableUntil it becomes a Necessity
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Financial Investments Times of India July 24th 2013
Ascent Page 2
Less than 18 per cent of the women make independent decisions.
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Caregivers Parents
Relationships
Siblings
Relatives
Friends
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Vindhya. Quality of Women's Lives in India: Some Findings from Two Decades of Research on Gender
Studies Feminism & Psychology 2007 17: 337
Work – Family InterfaceMental Health
ViolenceReproductive Health
Gender Linked AttributionsSexuality
AgingMarriage and Motherhood
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Need for StudiesThere is a need for specific studies
on the caregiving needs of the single women.
Social Policy and Services are required to meet the emerging social
reality of ‘single women’
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Thank You
Ladies and Gentlemen