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HSDPA Technology
ZTE University
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Content
HSDPA Fundamentals
HSDPA Channels
HSDPA Main Technology
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High Speed Data Services Landscape
UMTS
100Base-T T-110Base-T
GPRS EGPRSHSDPA
Bluetooth
Dial-Up Broadband
WiFi
Throughput
Mobility
Emerging
Technologies
Emerging
Technologies
OFDM
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Standard Evolution
PDC
GSM
IS136
GPRS
1xRTT
1xEV-DO
W-CDMA
1xEV-DV
HSDPA
EDGE
IS95A IS95B 3xEV-DV
2G 3G
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Theoretical Peak User Data Rates
0.38 M
EGP
RS
0.31 M
1xR
TT
2 M
W-CDMA
2.4M
1xEV-
DO
3.1M
1xEV-DV
14.4M
HSDP
A
Enhanced
UE
HSDP
A
UECategory6
3.6M
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HSDPA Key Points
Radio Access
Technology
High
Throughputs
Low
Latency
SharedChannels
Downlink
Only
PSDedicated
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HSDPA Main Concepts & Benefits
No Fast Power Control (100% of available power used)
No Variable Spreading (SF = 16)
No Soft Handover (for DL user data channel)
Time & Code Multiplexing of User Data (Shared Channel)
Adaptive Modulation & Coding (Rate Adaptation)
Fast Retransmission / Scheduling Layer in NodeB
Short Radio Framing (2ms)
Higher UserData Rates
Lower ServiceResponse Time
Higher PacketData Capacity
Better ServicesAvailability
HSDPA
Better End-User Perceived Quality
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HSDPA Market Applications
Multiplayer Gaming
Video Streaming & TV
Advertising / News Broadcast
Music & Video Downloads
Web Surfing
...
Virtual Office
Corporate VPN
Remote Applications / Tools
Web Browsing
Massive Downloads
...
Business Market Consumer Market
Working Anywhere! Having Fun!
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Perspective of HSDPA application
HSDPA ModemHSDPA fixed terminal
Flexible access
Higher data rateMore users
Richer service
Obvious advantage to compete with
other 3G technology like CDMA2000
HSDPA data card
HSDPA PDA
Mixed with WMAN (WiMAX)
and WLAN (Wi-Fi), more advantage of
broadband wireless access
HSDPA handset
HSDPA Modem
HSPDA data card
HSDPA PDAUMTS R99/R4 coverage
HSDPA coverage
HSDPA-roundly imp roves th e value of UMTSnetwork
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User Throughput Management
Rate
Adaptation
Power
Control
Data Power
Unused Power
100% Power
100%
Data
Unused
Same Throughput
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Spectral Efficiency
HSDPA 1xEV-DO
Bandwidth/Carrier 5 MHz 1.25 MHzPeak Data Rate 3.6 Mbps (Cat. 6)
14.4 Mbps (Cat.
10)
2.4 Mbps
Modulation on
Data Channel
QPSK/16QAM QPSK/8PSK/16QAM
Channel Coding Turbo 1/3 Turbo 1/3L1
Retransmission
HARQ HARQTransmission
Interval
2 ms 1.6 msSector
Throughput
depending on
load and
environmentdepending on load
and environment
1xEV-DO
HSDPA
5
MHz
1xRTT
Voice & Data
UMTS
Voice & Data
1xEV-DO Data
HSDPA Data
1.2
5MHz
1.2
5MHz
1.2
5MHz
time
3x1.2
5MHz
Carrier
1x5MHz
Ca
rrier
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Beyond HSDPA
Release 6 Release 7 Release 7
Throughput
&
Capacity
OFDMMIMO
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Content
HSDPA Fundamentals
HSDPA Channels
HSDPA Main Technology
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HSDPA Protocol Stack
Uu Iub
MAC-d
RLC
HS-DSCH
FPMAC-hs
HS-DSCH
FP
RLC
L2 L2
Flow control
PHY PHY L1 L1
New Transport channel
HS-DSCH
RNCNodeBUE
HS-SCCHDownlink Transfer Information
(UEid, OVSF,...)
HS-PDSCHData Transfer (PS I/B)
HS-DPCCHFeedback Information
(CQI, ACK/NACK)
DPCHUpper Layer Signaling
RNC
New Frame Protocols
HS-DSCH
Introduction of MAC-hs
Iub
MAC-d
MAC-hs
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HSDPA Layer2/Layer1 Flows
HS-DSCH
Associated
Uplink
Signaling
Associated
Downlink
Signaling
DCCH DTCHDTCHMAC Control MAC ControlCCCH CTCHBCCHPCCHMAC Control
RRC (RNC)
RLC (RNC)
HS-PDSCH
FACH
S-CCPCH
RACH
PRACH
DSCH
PDSCH
DCH
DPCH
CPCH
PCPCH
PCH
S-CCPCHHS-DPCCHHS-SCCH
MAC-c/sh
(C-RNC)
DCH
DPDCH/DPCCH
R4 L1: Channel Coding / Multiplexing (NodeB)R5 L1: HSDPA (NodeB)
MAC-d
(S-RNC)
MAC-hs
(NodeB)
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MAC-hs Architecture (UTRAN side)
Scheduler
TFRC Selection
Priority Queue
Distribution
Priority Queue
Distribution
Priority
Queue
Priority
Queue
Priority
Queue
Flow Control
MAC-d flows
Associated
Uplink Signaling
HS-DSCHAssociated
Downlink Signaling
MAC-hs
to MAC-d or MAC-c/sh
HARQ
Priority
Queue
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HSDPA Channel Configuration
Layer 1
HS-SCCH HS-DPCCH
Transport
Channels
Logical
Channels
Physical
Channels
DCCH
DCH
DPCH
DTCH
HS-DSCH
HS-PDSCH
DTCH
DCH
DPCCH
DCCH
DCH
DPDCH
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HS-DSCH ParametersHigher
Layer
RAB RAB DL ?kbps
RLC Logical channel type DTCH
RLC mode AM
Payload sizes, bit 320
Max data rate, bps ? (depends on UE category)
AMD PDU header, bit 16
MAC MAC-d header, bit 0
MAC multiplexing N/A
MAC-d PDU size, bit 336
MAC-hs header fixed part, bit 21
Layer 1 TrCH type HS-DSCH
TB sizes, bit NA
TFS NA
TTI, ms 2
Coding type TC
CRC, bit 24
Max number of bits/TTI after channel
coding
NA
RM attribute NA
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MAC-hs PDU
VF QID TSN SID N F
1 bit 3 bits 6 bits 3 bits 7 bits 1 bit
MAC-hs Header
21 bits
MAC-hs SDU PaddingMAC-hs SDU
MAC-hs Payload
. . .
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HS-DSCH Coding Chain
CRC attachment
Bit Scrambling
Code Block Segmentation
Turbo Coding
HARQ Entity
Physical Channel Segmentation
HS-DSCH Interleaving
Constellation Rearrangement (16QAM)
Physical Channel Mapping
R4 Functionality
New Functionality
R4 Modified Functionality
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HS-SCCH Coding Chain
RV Coding
MUX
CRC
UE Masking
MUX
CC 1/3
Rate Matching
s, r, b
UEId
CC 1/3
Puncturing
CC 1/3
UE Masking
Rate Matching
MUX
Modulation SchemeOVSF Code Set NDITBS HARQ
Slot #0: Code Set, Modulation Slot #1: TBS, HARQ Slot#2: RV, NDI
TSUBFRAME= 2ms
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HS-PDSCH
TSLOT= 2560 chips, Ndata bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot#2
Data bits
TSUBFRAME= 2ms
Slot
Format
Channel
Bit Rate
Channel
Symbol rate
SF Bits per
Subframe
Ndata
0 (QPSK) 480 kbps 240 ksps 16 960 320
1 (16QAM) 960 kbps 240 ksps 16 1920 640
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HS-SCCH
Slot
Format
Channel
Bit Rate
Channel
Symbol rate
SF Bits per
Subframe
Bits per
Slot
0 60 kbps 30 ksps 128 120 40
TSLOT= 2560 chips = 40 bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot#2
Data bits
TSUBFRAME= 2ms
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HS-DPCCH
Slot
Format
Channel
Bit Rate
Channel
Symbol rate
SF Bits per
Subframe
Bits per
Slot
0 15 kbps 15 ksps 256 30 10
TSLOT= 2560 chips = 10 bits
ACK/NACK CQI
TFRAME= 10ms
Subframe #2Subframe #0 Subframe #4Subframe #1 Subframe #3
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Radio Interface Timing
HS-SCCH#2
AC
K
ACK AC
K7,5 slots
HS-SCCH#1
HS-PDSCH
achNackRepetitionFactor = 2
2 ms
HS-DPCCH
P-CPICH
2 slots
SFNBFN tcell
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Downlink Modulationx
Q
I
Scrambling
HS-PDSCH S/PModulation
MapperOVSFhs
x
+ x S
nk, nk+1, nk+2, nk+3 i1q1i2q2 I Q
0000 0000 0.4472 0.44720001 0001 0.4472 1.3416
0100 0010 1.3416 0.4472
0101 0011 1.3416 1.3416
0010 0100 0.4472 -0.4472
0011 0101 0.4472 -1.3416
0110 0110 1.3416 -0.4472
0111 0111 1.3416 -1.3416
1000 1000 -0.4472 0.44721001 1001 -0.4472 1.3416
1100 1010 -1.3416 0.4472
1110 1011 -1.3416 1.3416
1010 1100 -0.4472 -0.4472
1011 1101 -0.4472 -1.3416
1110 1110 -1.3416 -0.4472
1111 1111 -1.3416 -1.3416
nk, nk+1 iq I Q
00 00 1 1
01 01 1 -1
10 10 -1 1
11 11 -1 -1
QPSK
16QAM
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Uplink Modulation
x
OVSFd1 bd
DPDCH2 x
x
OVSFd2 bd
DPDCH4 x
x
OVSFd3 bd
DPDCH6 x
x
OVSFc bc
DPCCH x
x
OVSFhs bhs
HS-DPCCH x
x
OVSFd1 bd
DPDCH1 x
x
OVSFd2 bd
DPDCH3 x
x
OVSFd3 bd
DPDCH5 x
x
OVSFhs bhs
HS-DPCCH x
S
S x
x
Q
I
Scrambling Modulation
if Nmax-DPDCH= 0, 1, 3, 5
if Nmax-DPDCH= 2, 4, 6
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Content
HSDPA Fundamentals HSDPA Channels
HSDPA Main Technology
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HSDPA Channel Operation
HS-SCCHDownlink Transfer Information
(UEid, OVSF,...)
HS-PDSCHData Transfer
(PS I/B)
DPCHUpper Layer Signaling
2ms
UE #1
UE #2
UE #3
UE #4UE #5
OVSF
codes
HS-DPCCHFeedback Information
(ACK/NACK, CQI)
DPCHUpper Layer Signaling
HS-DPCCHFeedback Information
(ACK/NACK, CQI)
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HSDPA Working Procedure
RNCNode B
(AMC and HARQ)
Data Packet
AMC, modulation and coding selection
HARQ, lowers the time delay, improvesthe data throughput
Fast scheduling, quick decision
Evaluation, HS-DSCH parameters setting
Receive data from HS-DSCHaccording to DetectingHS-SCCH
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OVSF Code Tree Reservation
SF4
SF8
SF16
SF32
SF64
SF128
SF256
cmCH
. . .
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
. . .
. . .
. . .
SF4
SF8
SF16
SF32
SF64
SF128
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
HSDPA + R4
HSDPA
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-20 -15 -10 -5 0 50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Ior/Ioc (dB)
Throughput(kbps)
AMC Illustration
UE Category Reported CQI
CodingRate
ModulationScheme
Number ofOVSF Codes
AMC
2ms
Maximum Throughput
QPSK
QPSK
QPSK
16QAM
16QAM
AMC Principles
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Modulation Schemes
I
Q
0000
00011001
10001010
1011
1110
1111
01001100
1101
0010
0110
0111
0011
0101
4 bits per symbol
960kbps per OVSF
1920 bits per TTI
16QAM
11
10
01
00
Q
I
2 bits per symbol480kbps per OVSF
960 bits per TTI
QPSK
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Modulation Schemes
Modulation
coding rate
Data rate
(1 code)
Data rate
(5 codes)
Data rate
(15 codes)
QPSK 1/4 120kbps 600kbps 1.8Mbps
QPSK 1/2 240kbps 1.2Mbps 3.6Mbps
QPSK 3/4 360kbps 1.8Mbps 5.4Mbps
16QAM 1/2 480kbps 2.4Mbps 7.2Mbps
16QAM 3/4 720kbps 3.6Mbps 10.8Mbps
HSDPA throughput, relative with modulation & coding rate
HSDPA can provide data rate per user up to 10.8Mbps (16QAM,3/4) by AMC and multiple codes technology
In the situation of high speed, HSDPA requires high channelcondition
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UE Categories
HS-DSCHCategory
HS-PDSCHMax Number
Inter-TTIMin Interval
Modulation Max PeakRate
Category 1 5 3 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.2 Mbps
Category 2 5 3 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.2 Mbps
Category 3 5 2 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.8 Mbps
Category 4 5 2 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.8 Mbps
Category 5 5 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 3.6 MbpsCategory 6 5 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 3.6 Mbps
Category 7 10 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 7.3 Mbps
Category 8 10 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 7.3 Mbps
Category 9 15 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 10.2 Mbps
Category 10 15 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 14.4 Mbps
Category 11 5 2 QPSK only 0.9 Mbps
Category 12 5 1 QPSK only 1.8 Mbps
QPSK mandatory for HSDPA capable UE
16-QAM optional
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UE Capabilities and Max Bit Rates
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 1010
15
20
25
C/I (dB)
softCQI
Soft CQI vs C/I - Pedestrian_a 1 RX
Category 6 UE CQI Mapping Table
CQIValue HS-PDSCHNumber RLCThroughput Modulation
0 out of range
1 1 0 kbps QPSK
2 1 0 kbps QPSK
3 1 0 kbps QPSK
4 1 0 kbps QPSK
5 1 144 kbps QPSK
6 1 144 kbps QPSK
7 2 144 kbps QPSK
8 2 288 kbps QPSK
9 2 288 kbps QPSK
10 3 432 kbps QPSK
11 3 576 kbps QPSK
12 3 720 kbps QPSK
13 4 864 kbps QPSK
14 4 1008 kbps QPSK
15 5 1296 kbps QPSK
16 5 1440 kbps 16-QAM
... ... ... ...
29 5 3024 kbps 16-QAM
30 5 3024 kbps 16-QAM
Target BLER 10%
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HARQ Technology
Advantage: improve transferring reliability
Disadvantage: lower utilization in badchannel state
Advantage: good performance in
lower Bit Error Rate (BER)
Disadvantage: bad performance in
high BER
F
EC
A
R
Q
HA
R
Q
Combine FEC and ARQ, each
sending packet includes error
detection bit and error correction bit
Error packet A
Packet A
Packet A
Error packet A
Packet A
Packet A
missing data
Packet A
missing
data
HARQ phase IResending is in RNCR99HARQ phase II, IIIResending is in Node B, HSDPA
Packet A
Discard Reserve
Resend
whole packet Resent data
Soft combinationPacket BPacket B
Send SendReceive Receive
Lower efficiency
Longer time delay
Higher efficiency
Shorter time delay
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Multiple HARQ Processes
Soft Bits
Combining
Soft Bits
Combining
Soft Bits
CombiningRetransmission
Management
UE
Category
6Category 12
3Category 11
6Category 106Category 9
6Category 8
6Category 7
6Category 6
6Category 5
3Category 4
3Category 3
2Category 2
2Category 1
HARQ
Processes
HSDSCH
HARQ
HARQ
HARQ
HARQ
HARQ
HARQ
HARQ
HARQ
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Stop And Wait Principles
Update RV Parameters
Transmit Data
Insert DTX
Indication
Nret = Nret + 1Reset & Free
HARQ Process
Wait for Transmission
Wait for ACK/NACK Reception
ACK/NACK/DTX?
Nret > Nret_max
HARQ
UE is Scheduled
ACK
YES
NACK
DTX
NO
TB HARQ
TB HARQ
HSDSCH
ACK/NACK
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HARQ Types
Combine
Deliver to Upper Layer
Error?
New Block
Update RV DatabaseRVBlocks
HARQ Blocks Decoding
NACK NACK NACK NACK ACK
DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA
Chase
Combining
NACK NACK NACK NACK ACK
DATA DATA1 DATA2 DATA3 DATA4
Incremental
Redundancy
Combining
YES
NO
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Constellation Rearrangement (16QAM)
b=2
I
Q
0000
00011001
10001010
1011
1110
1111
01001100
1101
0010
0110
0111
0011
0101
I
Q
0011
00101010
10111001
1000
1101
1100
01111111
1110
0001
0101
0100
0000
0110
I
Q
0000
01000110
00101010
1110
1011
1111
00010011
0111
1000
1001
1101
1100
0101
I
Q
1100
10001010
11100110
0010
0111
0011
11011111
1011
0100
0101
0001
0000
1001
b=0
b=3
b=1
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Quick Scheduling
Diagram based on time and code channel scheduling
Scheduling principle:
Fair scheduling algorithm Round Robin
(RR)
Maximum C/I scheduling algorithm (Max
C/I)
Proportional fair algorithm (PF)
5
code
s
TTI 1
TDM
TTI 2 TTI 3 TTI 4
CDM
UE CNode B
UE A
UE B
HS-PDSCH
TTI1 TTI2 TTI3
TTI1
TTI2
TTI2
TTI3
TTI3
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Quick Scheduling
With quick channel
feedback, HSDPA
can suitably adjust
coding rate, codes,
modulation, etc. in
time according to
the channel state
Standard
TTI
(ms)
Channel feedback
time delay (ms) Remark
R99 10 100 (at least)
HSDPA 2 5.67
Supports continuous
feedback, R5 also
supports 10ms TTI
HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
HS-DPCCH (ACK/NACK and CQI)
HS-SCCH
2 TS 7.5 TS +/- 128 Chip N TS
1 TS = 2560 Chip HSDPA channelfeedback time delay
is about 8.5 TS
Quick channel feedback
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Quick Scheduling
Scheduling policy
Time fairness
Traffic fairness
Max-C/I
Proportional fairness
Every user get equal service time, but the traffic
maybe not equal, the fairest algorithm but has the
lowest traffic
Every user get the same traffic, but the time
maybe not equal, has the lower utility of systemresource because it will schedule the UE with
bad channel state
Only the user in best channel state(biggest C/I)
will get the service priority in each turn, the
biggest traffic but has the worst fairness
Weighted compromiseof above algorithms and
has bigger system traffic and better service
fairness
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Advantage of HSDPAComparing item R99/R4 HSDPA
System capacity (Mbps) 2.668 14.4
Spectrum efficiency
(Kbit/(MHz*Cell))537.6 2795.2
System handover
Inter-frequency hard HO
Intra-frequency soft HO
Intra-frequency softer HO
Inter-system HO (GSM)
Only hard handover
Power controlOpen loop, Close loop (Inner loop,
Outer loop) PC, Quick, Slow PC
HS-PDSCH adopts slow PC
or even no power control
Modulation QPSK QPSK, 16QAM
Link adaptive
technologyQuick PC and soft HO
AMC, HARQ, Short TTI and
Quick channel feedback
MAC-hs N/A For faster scheduling
Provides var ious speed
with stable power
(stable pow er,
adjus table speed)
Ad just power to
guarantee service speed
(stable sp eed,
adjustable pow er)
HSDPA R99/R4
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