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Towards a
More Effective IntegratedWatershed Management Program
for the Laguna de Bay Sub-basins
Jose K. Cariño III, MPM, CESEDepartment Head for Resource Management and Development
Laguna Lake Development Authority
A P resentation m ade for the
Asian Development Ba nk ’s Water Learn ing Week
Study Visit on Laguna Lak e
The Bellevue Manila, 07 November 2011
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I. Anatomy of a Watershed ManagementProblem
II. Case Studies on Upstream-Downstream
Conflicts: The Santa Rosa and Marikina Sub-
watersheds
III. Impetus for a Basin Management Institution
IV. Towards a More Effective IntegratedWatershed Management Program for the
Laguna de Bay
Outline of the PresentationOutline of the Presentation
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Deforestation
Resource Extraction
Open dumpsites
Land conversion
Industrial effluents
Erosion and siltation
Domestic wastesAgricultural run-off
Flooding
Land reclamation
Loss of biodiversity
Upland development
Encroachment into
riparian areas
Population growth
In-migration
Groundwater
contamination
Unregulated water
abstraction
Upland migration
Climate Change
Anatomy of Watershed Management Problem Anatomy of Watershed Management Problem
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Cases of Upstream Downstream ConflictsCases o f Upst ream -
Dow nst ream Conf l i c t s
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• Pagsanjan Sub-watershed
“Pagsanjan complaining against domestic and piggery wastes comingfrom Majayjay and Lucban as well as quarrying in Magdalena, Lagunathat drains towards Pagsanjan River”
• Sta. Cruz Sub-watershed
“Garbage found floating in Sta. Cruz
River are made from Rizal, Liliw and
Nagcarlan, Laguna”
• Biñan Sub-watershed “Carmona, GMA and Silang in Cavite were already conscious in theuse of their groundwater resources while in Biñan, Laguna overabstraction of groundwater continue to take place
Critical Sub-watersheds
Critical Sub-watersheds
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• This sub-watershed encompasses the
municipalities of Montalban, San Mateoand Antipolo City in Rizal; and cities of Quezon and Marikina
• Deforestation and resource extraction
were prevalent in the upper portion of the watershed
• Land conversion and housingdevelopments in the lower portion of this sub-watershed
• Congestion and in-migration in urbanareas resulting to informal settlementsand improper waste disposal
The Marikina Sub-watershedThe Marikina Sub-watershed
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Ra a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Da a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aFa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Resulting Problems
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Cabuyao
Sta. Rosa
Biñan
Silang
The Santa Rosa Sub-watershedThe Santa Rosa Sub-watershed
Coca Coca Bottling Co.
ETON City
Silang Housing Developments
Sta. Elena Development Corp.
LISP 1
LTI
Silang LGU
Cabuyao LGU
Biñan LGU
Sta. Rosa LGU
S3R2
WWF
DENR
LLDA
Who will do watershed management?
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Create an institutional framework for effectivewatershed management at the sub-watershed levelaligned with the LLDA’s charter and mainstreamed into
LGU processesEmpower the institution by providing greater roles and
functions as well as build their capacities in watershedmanagement
Entails the addition of another layer of governance
Build an institution that adopt CollaborativeGovernance Partnerships
Impetus for a Basin
Management Institution
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• Governance across political jurisdictions
(horizontal and vertical)
• Governance across the public-private
divide
• Governance across service functions
Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University
What is Collaborative Governance
What is Collaborative Governance?
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• Transaction characteristics of public goods
• Demographic homogeneity
• Sharing information and technical support• Fiscal capacity
• Social capital
Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University
Why CooperateWhy Cooperate?
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• The Instituional Collective Action (ICA)
framework analyzes networks, joint
projects, partnerships and othermechanisms developed by affected parties
to overcome the barriers to collective
action
Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University
Collaborative GovernanceInstitutional Collective Actions
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Preserve
AutonomyImpose
Obligations
Informal
Policy
Networks
Inter-Governmental
Contracts
Council of
Governments
Adaptive
Agreements Partnerships
Special
Districts
Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University
Collaborative GovernanceICA Mechanisms
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• These networks serve as hubs forinformation exchange, programcoordination and joint action
• Network interactions mitigate governancecosts by fostering norms of trust andreciprocity among institutional actors and
can help identify partners where defectionis less likely
Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University
Collaborative GovernanceInformal Policy Networks
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• A Memorandum of Understanding of
Agreement is a statement of cooperation
between parties to work together for acommon goal or objective
Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University
Collaborative GovernanceAdaptive Agreements
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• Partnerships are formed by local
governments, often with the help of civil
society and the private sector, with theaim of enhancing the economy of a
multi-jurisdictional area, managing
environmental resources, or pooling of services for effective delivery
Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University
Collaborative GovernancePartnership
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• Provinces, cities and municipalities come
together to create regional or
metropolitan development councils – The LGUs pool their resources for integrated
urban planning, traffic coordination and
solid waste management
Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University
Collaborative GovernanceCouncil of Governments
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• In order to capture economies of scale,
LGUs create special districts where their
resoruces and capacities can be shared
• This is manifested in the clustering of
services delivery systems such as the
establishment of special health districts
Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University
Collaborative GovernanceVoluntary Special Districts
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• Special districts can be mandated by
national government through law in
response to collective action problems• These include the MMDA, LLDA and
Palawan Council for Sustainable
Development
Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University
Collaborative GovernanceMandated Special Districts
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Council of
Governments
Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University
Preserve
AutonomyImpose
Obligations
Informal
Policy
Networks
Inter-Governmental
Contracts
Adaptive
Agreements Partnerships
Special
Districts
Collaborative GovernanceICA Mechanisms
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Towards a More Effective IWMP for the Laguna de Bay Sub-basins
Tow ards a More Ef fec t ive
IWMP for t he Laguna de
Bay Sub-basins
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Integrated WatershedManagement Framework
Productive
watersheds,clean rivers,healthy lake
LGUs
NGAs
NGOsWater
Utilities
BusinessSector
Designation of
Sub-WQMA
Management
strategies
Sustainable
financing
strategies
Review of Policies,Institutional
Arrangement and
Capacities and
Issuance of New
Policies
Development
of sub-WQMA
action plan
Creation of Watershed
Management Council
Watershed
Characterization and
Assessment
Performance
Monitoring
Development and Institutionalization of the
Integrated Watershed Management Program
Towards a More Effective IWMP for the Laguna de Bay Sub-basins
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Integrated Watershed Management Program
Strategies and Approaches a. Creation of Watershed Management Council for each of the 24
sub-basins to include Sub-WQMA Board, Multi-sectoral Group
and Technical Secretariat
b. Formulation of Integrated Watershed Management Plans for the
24 sub-basins
c. Harmonizing Land-Use Plan among LGUs within each sub-basinusing the watershed management approach
f. Development of sustainable financing mechanisms for
watershed rehabilitation, improvement and conservation
d. Mainstreaming Integrated Watershed Management into the
Local Government policies, plans and programs
e. Development and implementation of an effective and efficientWater Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Plan for various
water bodies in accordance with the provisions of the CWA
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Sub-WQMA Board: Cities of Santa Rosa and Biñan, Municipalities of Cabuyao and Silang
NGAs
NGOs
Water utility sector (water districts, private water utilities)
Business sector
Multi-sectoral Group Sectoral representatives
Technical Secretariat Member of the Philippine Bar
Chemical Engineer, Chemist, Sanitary engineer, Environmental Engineer
or Ecologist
Civil Engineer or Hydrologist
Geologist or Biologist
Composition of a Basin Management Institution Integrated Watershed Management Program
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a. Prepare a Water Quality Management ActionPlan and a Compliance scheme
Roles of LLDA
b. Issue resolutions or orders as may be necessary
for the accomplishment of the objectives of the
Integrated Watershed Management Plan and
Program and the provisions of the Clean Water
Act
c. To grant the Sub-WQMA Board authority as may
be necessary to achieve its purpose
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a. Identify/Adopt appropriate InstitutionalArrangement to ensure the effective
implementation of the IWM program
Roles of LGUs
b. Monitoring of water quality
c. Emergency response
d. Compliance with the framework of the Water
Quality Management Action Plane. Participation in all efforts concerning water
quality protection and rehabilitation
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In the development and implementation of IWM
Program, the NGOs, civic organizations, academe,
peoples organizations, the private and corporate
sectors and other concerned stakeholders’ groupsshall be engaged in activities such as planning,
community organizing, research, technology
transfer, information sharing, investment and
training programs.
Roles of Civil Society Groups
and Private Sectors
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• Republic Act No. 9275 otherwise known as
“Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004”
• Republic Act No. 4850 as amended
• LLDA Board Resolution“Designat ing t he Twent y Four (24) Sub-Wat ersheds of t he Laguna de Bay Basin as Sub-Wat er Qual i t y
Management Areas (Sub-WQMAs) and Approving the Implement at ion of an Integrat ed Wat ershed Management Program (IWMP) f or t he Laguna de Bay Sub-basins”
Legal Basis or Enabling Act Integrated Watershed Management Program
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Laguna de Bay Watershed Sub-basins
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Pilot program implementation in the Santa RosaSub-watershed (FY 2011-2012) Designation of the Santa Rosa sub-watershed as a Sub-Water
Quality Management Area
Creation of Sub-Water Quality Management Board Creation of multi-sectoral group and technical secretariat
Note : Santa Rosa Sub Watershed has a good representation of a
highly urbanized downstream and an upstream area that is starting
to develop
Re-engineering the River Councils into Watershed
Management Councils
Road Forward Integrated Watershed Management Program
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A. Three day Capacity Building Workshop was conducted
last September 7,8 and 9, 2011 at the Development
Academy of the Philippines with the following outputs :
• LGUs’ (Santa Rosa, Biñan,
Cabuyao and Silang) existing
programs and projects toaddress the issues on
Flooding, Groundwater and
Pollution
• Detailed identification of
Problems and Solutions in SantaRosa Sub-Watershed focussing on
core issues namely Flooding,
Groundwater and Pollution as
inputs to the Integrated
Watershed Management Plan
Update Integrated Watershed Management Program
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B. The Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) willbe drafted together with the representatives of the
LGUs
Update Integrated Watershed Management Program
D. The Draft MOA on the Implementation of the IWMP
was presented for Comments and Finalizationtogether with the LGUs
E. Updating of the LLDA ATLAS – land cover validation
and other vital information of the 24 sub-watersheds are gathered on the ground
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Ta a a a a a a a