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WizardofOz
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Anthropomorphism
• “therationalizationofanimalorsystembehaviorthroughsuperposingaspectsofthehumanobserver.”
• “Havinganaturalisticembodimentisoftencitedasnecessaryformeaningfulsocialinteraction[18,82,140].”- Fongetal.
• “Theroleofanthropomorphismistofunctionasamechanismthroughwhichsocialinteractioncanbefacilitated.”
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HowPeopleAnthropomorphizeRobotsSusanR.Fussell,SaraKiesler,LeslieD.Setlock,VictoriaYew,HRI2008
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Theresultsclearlydemonstrateadisjuncturebetweenanthropomorphisminpeople’sspontaneous reactionstorobotsinsocialcontextandanthropomorphismintheirmorecarefully
considered conceptionsofrobotsintheabstract.
Inparticipants’freeformsummariesofhealthinterviews,theyusedwordstoexpresspositiveandnegativeemotions,cognitivemechanisms,andsocialinteraction equallymuchforroboticand
humaninterviewers.
…theirmorecarefullyreasonedresponsesinthepost-taskquestionnairerevealedamuchmoremechanicalview.Here,thevastmajorityofparticipantsinbothconditionsdeniedthatarobotcouldhavemoods,experiencefrustration,orpossess
feelings…
HowPeopleAnthropomorphizeRobotsSusanR.Fussell,SaraKiesler,LeslieD.Setlock,VictoriaYew,HRI2008
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Embodiment
• Definessocialexpectations• Biasesinteraction• Constrainsthetypesofphysicalinteractions
zoomorphic anthropomorphiccaricature functional
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Caricature
TofuRyanWistortCynthiaBreazealMITMediaLab
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FunctionalDesign
Twendy OneSuganoLab,Waseda University
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Caricature
KeeponHidekiKozimaandMarekMichalowski
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Caricature/Zoomorphic
LeonardoCynthiaBreazealMIT
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Anthropomorphic?Zoomorphic?
KismetCynthiaBreazealRodneyBrooksMIT
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Anthropomorphic
EinsteinHansonRobotics
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Anthropomorphic
EinsteinHansonRobotics
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AnthropomorphicGeminoids
HiroshiIshiguroOsakaUniversity
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SalientFeaturesofGeminoid
• Copyofexistinghumanbeing,ProfessorHiroshiIshiguro• Teleoperated – actionsandspeech• 50actuators• 13intheface• 15inthetorso• 22inthearmsandlegs
• Mimicsoperator’sconsciousandunconsciousmovements
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“
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WhenIfirstsawHI-1sittingstill,itwaslikelookinginamirror.However,whenitbeganmoving,itlookedlikesomebodyelse,andIcouldn’trecognizeitasmyself.
HiroshiIshiguro
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“
”
WhileoperatingHI-1withtheoperationinterface,Ifindmyselfunconsciously
adaptingmymovementstothegeminoidmovements…Ifeltthat,notjustthe
geminoid butmyownbodyisrestrictedtothemovementsthatHI-1canmake.
HiroshiIshiguro
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“
”
WhenavisitorpokesHI-1,especiallyarounditsface,Igetastrongfeelingofbeingpokedmyself.
HiroshiIshiguro
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HRP4C,Hubo Einstein,RoboKind
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Telenoid R1
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CB2
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PsychologicalbasisfortheUncannyValley
• Somestudiesshow:• Facial“attractiveness”(beauty)hasbiological/developmentalroots• Evidenceofuniversalneuro-teplates thathaveevolvedtodetectbeauty,illhealth,danger,and“unusualness”• Evensmalldeviationscanchangeafacefrombeautifultouglyordisturbing• Beautyanduglinesselicitconsistenthumanresponsesacrossgender,ageandculture
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AttractiveCharacteristics
• Clearskin• Well-groomedhair• Largeexpressivefeatures• Baby-likefeatures(largeeyesandforehead,smallnoseandjaw)
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UnattractiveCharacteristics
• Sicklyeyes• Badskin• Poorgrooming• Asymmetry• Anysignofillnessorinjury• Facialexpressionsassociatedwithpsychosisorterror
Peopleareespeciallysensitivetorealhumanfaces
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Blacksolidline– strange/familiarReddashedline– eerinessMacDorman2006
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Blacksolidline– strange/familiarReddashedline– eerinessMacDorman2006
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UncannyMorph
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NotUncannyMorph
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Ishumanlikenessthemostsignificantfactorintheuncannyvalley?
• Hanson:• “…theattractively-tunedfigureswerefoundtobeconsistentlylowineerinessandhighinappeal.Thisstronglyimpliesthatreactionisatleastpartiallydecoupledfromrealism.Theseresultsalsoimplythat,withwell-tunedfaces,therecanexistacontinuumofappealinganthropomorphismacrosstherangeofrealism,thussupportingthehypothesisofnoinherentuncannyvalley.”
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TheUncannyValley
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LearningfromAnimation
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Discussion
• Giventhechallengesofdesigninghuman-likerobots,aretheyworthit?Arethereapplicationsthatabsolutelyrequireanthropomorphicforms?
• Howcanwegoaboutstudyinguncannymotion?