Download - Witchcraft Level Three History - Tudors and Stuarts - Popular Culture. www. Schoolhistory.co.nz
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WitchcraWitchcraftft
Level Three History - Tudors and Stuarts - Popular Culture.
www. Schoolhistory.co.nz
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Historical ContextHistorical Context
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The Reformation challenged traditional beliefs which had previously been accommodated within the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther
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1468
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1521:AnimalisticAntichristianDeviantFemaleEvilUnruly
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Even the monarchs consulted astrologers such as John Dee.
John Dee
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James the First took an active and personal interest in witchcraft.
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Matthew Hopkins was the self- appointed Witch Finder General who worked from 1645-1647. He mastered the art of inflicting torture even when it was forbidden. He oversaw some of the most sensational Witch trials in England.
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Educated people, especially judges, found it increasingly difficult to accept witch trials and with better education there were fewer and fewer accusations.
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Salem Witch Trials 1692
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BeliefsBeliefs
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Malevolent –heartBad words – tongueEvil looks - eye
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•Don’t offend witches. •Take precautions against them.
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Problems dealt with locally: burning thatch, water tests, burning affected animals.
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Witches used many methods of inflicting harm upon their community
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Witches supposedly had special marks on their bodies and used familiars to do their evil work.
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Witches were often just old, unattractive and sometimes mentally retarded. They were considered a drain on community resources and easy victims.
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White witches worked for goodand were common and easy to find. ‘Cunning Men’ also worked for good in the community.
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The elite also believed in witches but that they were more against society as a whole rather than the individual
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The Three Witches from Macbeth
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Most witches were accused by their neighbours.With little charity available there was often no other way to survive except by begging
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Witch trials became ever more popular and many innocentwomen were faced with death.
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Suspected witcheswere interrogated before they went to trial. They were punished by hanging or burning.
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BibliographyBibliography• Guiley, Rosemary Ellen, An
Encyclopedia of Witches and Witchcraft, Facts on File, New York, 1989.
• Reay, Barry. Popular Culture in England 1550-1750, Longman, London, 1998.
• Sharpe, J.A. Early Modern England: A Social History, Edward Arnold, London, 1992.
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The EndThe End