WISUTIL - Main findings on
salaries WISUTIL conference,
Vienna, Austria 26-27 September2011
Kea Tijdens (AIAS)
• WageIndicator web-survey in 21 EU countries – for WISUTIL adapted to energy, water and waste– 7 of 21 countries were “new” WageIndicator
countries
• Recruitment– EPSU affiliates undertook recruitment actions– WageIndicator websites using teasers, inviting
visitors working in energy, water or waste to complete the survey
WISUTIL web-survey
26 September 2011 2
Austria France Netherlands Spain
Belgium Germany Poland Sweden
Bulgaria Hungary Portugal United Kingdom
Czech Republic Ireland Romania
Denmark Italy Slovakia
Finland Luxembourg Slovenia
• Initial database– all respondents in energy (electricity and gas), water and
waste– from January 2007 to July 2011 in 21 countries
• Data used for wage analyses– only countries with at least 50 cases with valid data on wages– -> 5,361 cases from 13 European countries
WISUTIL data
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Belgium (662) France (66) Netherlands (1046)
United Kingdom (426)
Czech Republic (317) Germany (1155)Poland (204)
Denmark (66) Hungary (116) Spain (579)
Finland (461) Italy (98) Sweden (165)
• Comparability across countries1) in WageIndicator data, hourly wages are computed, using
the contractual or – if missing – the usual working hours / wage
2) hourly wages are converted into “standardized US dollars”, thus converted into one currency & controlled for purchasing power parity
3) the standardized hourly wages from 2007, 2008 and 2009 are converted into “standardized US dollars_2010”, using an EU database about annual percentage changes in hourly wages of employees
4) for a better understanding, the “standardized US dollars_2010” are then converted into “standardized German Euro_2010”
5) for comparisons, we use median wages, that is the wage of the middle case, when wages are ranked from high to low
Wage measurement
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• in all countries median wages in energy, water & waste (blue)
– are higher than national median wages (pink), but not in Finland– are higher than public sector median wages (red),
but not in Denmark, Finland, and Netherlands– are higher than median wages in manufacturing (green),
but not in Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Netherlands, and Sweden
Median hourly wages per country
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Belgium
Czech
Republic
Denmark
Finlan
d
France
German
y
Hungary
Italy
Netherla
nds
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingd
om0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00Energy, water & waste
Public sector
Manu facturing
National median
• Distribution over wages categories per country – in Czech Republic and Hungary: largest group earns Euro 0-9.99
(blue)– in all other countries: largest group earns Euro 10-19.99 (red)– in Denmark, Germany, UK: one in four earns Euro 20-29.99
(green)– in Germany, UK: one in ten earns Euro 30-39.99 (pink)
Hourly wages per country
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Belgium
Czech
Republic
Denmark
Finlan
d
France
German
y
Hungary
Italy
Netherla
nds
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingd
om0%
20%40%60%80%
100%Euro 40 and over
Euro 30 - 39.99
Euro 20 - 29.99
Euro 10-19.99
Euro 0 - 9.99
• Median wages per sub-sector per country – highest for energy (red), then water (green), lowest for waste
(pink)– in Czech Rep. wages in waste are 60% of wages in energy (UK
66%)– in Belgium, Italy, Netherlands and Sweden more than 90%– other countries in between
Wages per sub-sector
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Belgium
Czech
Republic
Denmark
Finlan
d
France
German
y
Hungary
Italy
Netherla
nds
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingd
om0
5
10
15
20
25
AllEnergyWaterWaste
• Median wages in the public sector (red)– are lower than in the private sector (blue), but not for Spain– difference is < 10% in Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherl.,
Sweden– difference is 15 - 22% in Belgium, Czech Rep., Denmark, Poland– difference is around 30% in Hungary, United Kingdom
Wages by private – public divide
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Belgium
Czech
Repu...
Denmark
Finlan
d
France
German
y
Hungary
Italy
Netherla
nds
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kin...
0
5
10
15
20
25
Private
Public
Other-unidentified
All
– highest for group (1) managers, professionals and technicians (blue)
– middle for group (3) craft workers, operators and unskilled workers (green), but not for Spain
– lowest for clerical staff and sales persons (red), but not for Czech Republic, Finland and Netherlands
Wages by occupational group
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0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00Managers, professionals, technicians
Clerical staff, sales persons
Craft wor kers, operators, unskilled workers
All
– median wages are highest in the largest establishments (green)
and lowest in the smallest establishments (blue)– in Hungary and Czech Republic differences between large and
small establishments are highest (61% respectively 51%)
Wages by establishment size
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Belgium
Czech
Repu...
Denmark
Finlan
d
France
German
y
Hungary
Italy
Netherla
nds
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kin...
0
5
10
15
20
25
<100 empl.
100-500 empl.
>500 empl.
All
– all countries, men (blue) have higher median earnings than women (red)but not in France and Italy, women earn 7% resp. 1% more than men
– in Poland and Spain, women earn 25% less than men– in Germany and UK, women earn 20% resp. 18% less than men– in remaining countries, the gap is below 12%
Wages by gender
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Belgium
Czech
Republic
Denmark
Finlan
d
France
German
y
Hungary
Italy
Netherla
nds
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingd
om0
5
10
15
20
25
Male
Female
All
– holiday allowances (blue) are most common benefit -> in Belgium, Finland, Netherl. and Sweden: seven in ten workers
– year-end benefits (red) -> most frequent in Belgium (six in ten);
in Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, UK three in ten
– profit shares (green) are not very common-> in Germany three in ten, in France and Poland two in ten
– performance bonuses (pink) are not very common -> in Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Poland three/four in ten
Benefits
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%Holiday allowance
Year-end or Chrismas bonus
Profit share
Performance bonus
– dirty/ dangerous work allowances (blue) are rarely reported-> France: 1 in 10
– shift / unsocial hours / weekend allowances (red) more frequent reported-> Denmark: 3 in 10 -> Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Italy: 2 in 10
– overtime payments (green) most frequent in:-> Denmark, Italy, United Kingdom: 2 in 10
Allowances
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40% Dirty/ dangerous work allowance
Shift / unsocial hours / weekend allowance
Overtime bonus
• NO – ranking from 1=lowest to 13=highest wages (red)
and ranking of benefits (blue) are not related
Lower wages, higher bonusses?
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Hunga
ry
Czech
Rep
ublic
Poland
Finlan
d
Fran
ce
Spain
Belgium
Italy
Nethe
rland
s
Denm
ark
Swed
en
Unite
d Ki
ngdo
m
Germ
any
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bonusrankwagerank