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WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION FORSOLAR POWER SATELLITE
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OUT LINE
1.Executive Summary.
2.SPS System.
3.Recent Technologies and research Antenna and Transmitters-
Beam Control, Target Detection, Propagation
Receivers and Rectifiers
4.Efficiency.
5.Radio Science Influences and Effect of SPS.
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Executive Summary
Difference Between
- Communication System.
- WPT System.
Typical WPT is point point power transmission.
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Famous taper method.
1.Gaussion Taper.
2.Taylor Distribution.
3.Chebychev Distribution.
suppression of side lobe
To increase the power transmission efficiency.
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Wireless Power Transmission Options
for Space Solar Power
Far Term Space Systems to beam power to Earth Radio-Wave WPT System
Light-Wave Systems
In a Light wave system highly concentrated solar radiation
would be injected into the laser medium (direct solar
pumping) and transmitted to earth and converted to
electricity by photovoltaic cells.
Such system is different from the classical SPS using MPT.
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WPT Wavelength Trade for SSP
ATTRIBUTE WPT Using Radio Waves WPT Using Light WavesAperture Size Large, so system must be large Small; allows flexible system design
Interference Radio Frequency Interference None, except perhaps astronomy
Attenuation Penetrates clouds and light rain Stopped by clouds (need desert area)
Legal Issues FCC, NTIA, ITU ABM treaty, if power density high
InfrastructureRectenna useful for SSP only PV array for both WPT & solar power
Dual Use Crops?; communications? PV arrays on rooftops; "solar"-sails?
Perception Public fears of "cooking" Government fears of "weapons"
Safety Safe (must keep aircraft out of beam) Safe (WPT light intensity < sunlight)
Efficiency (space) High Improving
Efficiency (ground) High Improving
Traceability Heritage to communications & radar MSC-1 and MSC-2 predecessors
Power Mgmt & Dist Heavy, due to centralized WPT Lightweight; WPT can be distributed
Area of Significant Concern
Intermediate Area
Area of Significant Benefit
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SOLAR POWER SATELLITE
SYSTEM
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SPS CONCEPT
It consists of mainly three segment.
1. Solar energy collector
2. DC to Microwave converter
3. Large Antenna Array.
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MSC-1A: Lunar and Mars Power (LAMP) Application
Laser WPT to Photo-Voltaics on the moon or Mars
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RECENT TECHNOLOGIES ANDRESEARCHES
1. Antenna & Transmitter
2. Beam Control, target detection, propogation
3. Receiver & rectifier
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1. ANTENNAS AND TRANSMITTER
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Antennas for Microwave Power Transmission
All antennas can be applied for both the MPT
system and communication system
We have to use a phased array antenna for the
MPT from/to moving Transmitter/receiver.
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Recent Technologies for Transmitters
Generation of Microwave
Need higher efficient generator/amplifier.
Highly efficient beam collection on rectenna array.
Higher stabilized and accurate phase and
Amplitude of microwave when we use phased
array system for the MPT.
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Microwave Generator/Amplifier option for
MPT
1.Microwave Tube (Cooker-type Magnetron)
2.Semiconductor Amplifier.
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Magnetron
Generate and amplify high power microwave (over kW)
with a high voltage (over kV) imposed.
Higher Efficiency.
Low cost.
Unstable freq/Uncontrollable phase.
Very Economical.
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Semiconductor Amplifier
It generate low power micro wave with a low voltage
It is easy to control a phase and amplitude
Especially F class amplifier is expected as high efficient
amplifier for the MPT system.
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Distinguished from the ordinary use of the
microwave technology
1.Pureness in spectrum
2.Efficient power generation and high efficientdetector in a small and light fashion
3.Precise beam control
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Compare the weight by power-weight ratio.
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Compact Microwave Energy Transmitter With PCM
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2.BEAM CONTROL, TARGET DETECTION,
PROPAGATION
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Recent Technologies of Retro directive Beam
Control
1.Corner Reflector
2.Van Atta Array3.Phase conjugate Ckt.
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CONER REFLECTER
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VAN ATTA ARRAY
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PHASE CONJUGATE CIRCUIT
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There are another method for the target detection
is Software Retro directive.
Computer is usually used for the software retrodirective.
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Schematic Picture of Cyclotron Wave Converter
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CWCs Developed in Russia
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EFFICIENCY
1.RF-DC Conversion Efficiency.
2.Beam Collection Efficiency.3.DC-RF Conversion Efficiency.
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1. RF-DC Conversion Efficiency.
Efficiency of Rectenna 80%
Decline of the Efficiency is caused by
-Array connection loss
-Change of connected load
-Trouble of the rectenna
-Any losses on the system(DC/AC conversion, cable)
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(a) Efficiency of 2.4 GHzRectenna
(a) Efficiency of 5.8 GHzRectenna
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2. Beam collection Efficiency
Beam collection efficiency depends .
- transmitter and receiver aperture areas.
- wavelength, and the separation distance between
the two antennas
Efficiency 89%
Decline Efficiency caused by
-Phase
-Frequency
-Amplitude Error on a Phase Array.
The rise of the side lobe decreases antenna gain
and beam collection efficiency.
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3. DC-RF conversion Efficiency.
We do not have to steer a micro-wave beam electrically.
If we need to steer (Guide or control).
We use phase shifter without grating lobes.
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Power loss of the phase shifter is 4-6dB.
- To solve this problem we use low power amplifier
after high loss phase shifter without grating lobes.
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Conclusion
Microwave power Transmission is most suitable for a power transmissionfrom moving transmitters to moving target than other transmissionsmodes.
Accurate Target Detection and High efficient Beam forming By Retrodirective system for Solar Power Satellite.
Compatible with other radio services and Application.
Power transmission efficiency of WPT is higher than that other mode inreference to.
Higher efficient generator amplifier
Highly efficient beam collection rectenna array
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Caution Note
Microwave Power Transmission is Effected on
Human Health.
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THANK YOU