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ENERGY STAR® for Windows, Doors, and Skylights
Draft 1 Criteria and Analysis Report
Stakeholder Meeting
WILL BEGIN SHORTLY
For audio, call 1-877-423-6338 and enter participant code 277680#
• Please mute your lines
• Do NOT put the conference call on hold
• All lines will be muted for the duration of the webinar
• Please use the “ask a question” feature in LiveMeeting
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ENERGY STAR® for Windows, Doors,
and Skylights
Draft 1 Criteria and Analysis Report
Stakeholder Meeting
August 27, 2012
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Doug Anderson
U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyProject Manager
ENERGY STAR Window, Door, and Skylights
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Welcome
• Thank you for participating
• Please mute phones and laptops
• Please hold questions until the end of
the day
• Clarifying questions about slides may
be asked during the presentations
• Meeting is not being recorded
• Presentations will be put on the
www.energystar.gov/windows web site
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Agenda
• Brand Recognition
• Code versus ENERGY STAR
• Guiding Principles
• Market Share
• Windows Criteria Over Time
• Program Elements Considered for Adoption
• Program Elements Remaining Unchanged
• New Additions to Program Requirements
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ENERGY STAR: A Powerful Brand
All respondents: 100%
Aware: >80%
Purchased: >75% (44% of
total population)
Influenced: >75%
Extremely likely to
recommend: >30%
Source: Consortium for Energy Efficiency
(CEE) Household Survey 2011
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Brand Recognition
Purchased Product because of Label or Claim(% of 18+ online population/base: heard of any description)
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%
Source: GfK Roper Green Gauge ® Survey 2012
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Code versus ENERGY STAR
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ENERGY STAR Most Efficient
ENERGY STAR
Model Building Code (IECC 2012)
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Guiding Principles
1. Significant national energy savings
2. Performance maintained or enhanced
3. Reasonable payback periods
4. Qualifying products are broadly available
5. Performance can be measured and
verified with testing
6. Labeling effectively differentiates
products
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Market Share
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ES Windows Criteria Over Time
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Program Elements
Considered for Adoption
• Structural Requirements
• Products Installed at High-Altitude
• Impact-Resistant Products
• Daylighting Criterion
• Lifecycle Analysis (LCA)
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Structural Requirements
• NAFS-certifying organizations cited by
stakeholders:
– AAMA
– WDMA
– Keystone
– NAMI
• Report summarizes comments received
• Structural requirements may be
reconsidered for Version 7.0
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High-Altitude Products
• Report summarizes findings from
Version 5.0 criteria revision
– < 3% of population at high elevation
– “Sub-zones” too small for label
• Several manufacturers have found
work-arounds
• Report summarizes comments, which
largely support EPA decision
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Impact-Resistant Products
• Small population
• Cost-effectiveness sought for most
common products
• No database
• No manufacturers have volunteered
data
• Impact-resistant products that meet the
spec are available
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Daylighting Criterion
• “Daylighting” is a property of a room or a
whole building
• Evaluation of light-to-solar gain ratio
– Does not correspond closely to VT
– Does not appear to add value
• Additional SHGC and VT analysis to be
highlighted later today
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Lifecycle Analysis (LCA)
• Most stakeholders support exclusion at
this time
• EPA agrees that industry participation is
important
• EPA ENERGY STAR will focus on “use
phase”
• EPA ENERGY STAR will work with other
programs (some already at EPA) to
address other phases of the lifecycle
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Program Requirements
• Program Elements Remaining Unchanged
– ENERGY STAR Climate Zones
– Classification of Tubular Daylighting Devises
• New Additions to Program Requirements
– Air Leakage – Matches 2012 IECC
• ≤ 0.3 cfm/ft2 for windows, sliding doors, skylights
• ≤ 0.5 cfm/ft2 for swinging doors
– Installation Instructions• List of 7 elements to be included in instructions
• Not a review and approve program, but could be “checkbox”
item for verification testing18
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Installation Instruction
Elements1. List of hardware and tools needed
2. Diagram & description of products and parts
3. General guidance on removing old products and
preparing opening (diagram optional)
• Lead paint hazard should be mentioned
4. Flashing details or refer to flashing manufacturers
instructions – diagram required
5. Shimming details (diagram optional)
6. Sealing and weather proofing details (diagram
optional)
7. Variations of above based on product options
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Emily Zachery
Dan Lauf
D&R International
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Agenda
• Proposed Draft 1 Window Criteria
• Proposed Draft 1 Door Criteria
• Proposed Draft 1 Skylight Criteria
• Comment Period
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Agenda
• Proposed Draft 1 Window Criteria
• Proposed Draft 1 Door Criteria
• Proposed Draft 1 Skylight Criteria
• Stakeholder Meeting
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V6.0 Draft 1 Criteria
• Overview
• Technological Feasibility & Product
Availability
• Cost-Effectiveness
• Aggregate National Energy Savings Potential
• Possible Considerations for V7.0
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Proposed Criteria
Climate Zone U-Factor SHGC
Northern ≤ 0.27 Any
Trade-Off = 0.28 ≥ 0.32
North-Central ≤ 0.29 ≤ 0.40
South-Central ≤ 0.31 ≤ 0.25
Southern ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.25
Climate Zone U-Factor SHGC
Northern ≤ 0.30 Any
Trade-Offs = 0.31
= 0.32
≥ 0.35
≥ 0.40
North-Central ≤ 0.32 ≤ 0.40
South-Central ≤ 0.35 ≤ 0.30
Southern ≤ 0.60 ≤ 0.27
Current Criteria
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V6.0 Draft 1 Criteria
• Overview
• Technological Feasibility & Product
Availability
• Cost-Effectiveness
• Aggregate National Energy Savings Potential
• Possible Considerations for V7.0
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Technological Feasibility
& Product Availability• NFRC CPD Data Analysis
• Products Available for Sale Methodology
• Availability of Low U-Factor Windows
• Glazing Level and Gas Fill
• Glass Type
• Frame Materials
• Exploration of Select Alternate Proposals
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NFRC CPD Data Analysis
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NFRC CPD Data Analysis
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Products Available for
Sale Methodology
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CPD versus PA Analysis
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Availability of Low U-
Factor Windows (CPD)
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Availability of Low U-
Factor Windows (PA)
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Glazing Level (CPD)
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Glazing Level (PA)
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Glazing Level and Gas Fill
(CPD)
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Glazing Level and Gas Fill
(PA)
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Glass Type: Surface 4
(CPD)
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Glass Type: Whole-Product
VT for Low SHGC (CPD)
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Glass Type: COG VT for
Low SHGC (CPD)
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Frame Materials (CPD)
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Frame Materials (PA)
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Exploration of Select
Alternate Proposals• Allow any SHGC in North-Central
– ES would not meet code
• Establish minimum SHGC in
Northern Zone
U-Factor ≤ 0.27Double- and Triple-Pane Double-Pane Only
Number Percent Number Percent
SHGC ≥ 0.32 4,562 0.77% 1,489 0.31%
SHGC ≥ 0.40 933 0.16% 87 0.02%
Windows in CPD
(“Products Available for Sale” database contained no windows meeting
these criteria)
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V6.0 Draft 1 Criteria
• Overview
• Technological Feasibility & Product
Availability
• Cost-Effectiveness
• Aggregate National Energy Savings Potential
• Possible Considerations for V7.0
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Cost-Effectiveness
• Incremental Product Costs
• Household Energy Savings
• Payback
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Incremental Product
Costs• Calculated two sets of incremental
product costs
– Cost increase from V5.0 to V6.0
(to evaluate manufacturer cost)
– Cost increase from IECC 2009 to V6.0
(to calculate payback for consumer)
Zone U-Factor SHGC V5 to V6 IECC ‟09 to V5 IECC „09 to V6
Northern 0.27 Any$34.00
$173.00 (incl. trips)+ $20 $54.00
North-Central 0.29 0.35 $28.00 + $20 $48.00
South-Central 0.31 0.25 $21.00 + $20 $41.00
Southern 0.40 0.25 $13.00 + $20 $33.00
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Household Energy
Savings• Same methodology and assumptions as
previous criteria revision
• Modeled two baselines
– Single-pane clear
– Double-pane clear
• Calculate marginal savings of V6.0 over
both baselines
• Double-clear used to determine payback
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Payback
• Average window lifetime 20-30 years
• Payback for Los Angeles Excluded
– Extremely low baseline energy usage
• Median simple payback 11 years
• Mean simple payback 13 years
Climate Zone Mean Payback Period
Northern 14 years
North-Central 16 years
South-Central 15 years
Southern 6 years
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V6.0 Draft 1 Criteria
• Overview
• Technological Feasibility & Product
Availability
• Cost-Effectiveness
• Aggregate National Energy Savings Potential
• Possible Considerations for V7.0
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Aggregate National
Energy Savings over V5
Northern24%
North-Central
21%
South-Central
10%
Southern45%
Full assumptions and methodology at http://windows.lbl.gov/energystar/version6/
2.21 tBtu
Total First Year Savings
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V6.0 Draft 1 Criteria
• Overview
• Technological Feasibility & Product
Availability
• Cost-Effectiveness
• Aggregate National Energy Savings Potential
• Possible Considerations for V7.0
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Possible Considerations
for Version 7.0• Program Elements Considered
during Version 6.0 Criteria Revision
• Program Elements Unchanged
during Version 6.0 Criteria Revision
• Future Codes
• Most Efficient Program
• Emerging Technologies
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Agenda
• Proposed Draft 1 Window Criteria
• Proposed Draft 1 Door Criteria
• Proposed Draft 1 Skylight Criteria
• Comment Period
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V6.0 Draft 1 Criteria
• Overview
• Technological Feasibility
• Cost-Effectiveness
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Proposed Criteria
Glazing Level U-Factor SHGC
Opaque ≤ 0.17 No Rating
≤ ½-Lite ≤ 0.23 ≤ 0.25
> ½-Lite ≤ 0.30 ≤ 0.25
Glazing Level U-Factor SHGC
Opaque ≤ 0.21 No Rating
≤ ½-Lite ≤ 0.27 ≤ 0.30
> ½-Lite ≤ 0.32 ≤ 0.30
Current Criteria
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Technological Feasibility
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Technological Feasibility
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Technological Feasibility
Glazing Level Percent Qualifying
Opaque 77%
≤ ½-Lite 77%
> ½-Lite 67%
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Technological Feasibility
83% of Full-Lite Doors have SHGC ≤ 0.25 58
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V6.0 Draft 1 Criteria
• Overview
• Technological Feasibility
• Cost-Effectiveness
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Cost-Effectiveness
• Incremental Product Costs
• Household Energy Savings
• Payback
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Incremental Product
Costs• Initial incremental product costs only
included switching from V5.0 ES to V6.0
• For cost-effectiveness, IECC 2009
makes more sense as a baseline
• Requesting data accordingly in report
• Data shows spec change not cost-
prohibitive for manufacturersGlazing Level U-Factor SHGC V5.0 to V6.0
Opaque ≤ 0.17 No Rating None
≤ ½-Lite ≤ 0.23 ≤ 0.25 $13.00
> ½-Lite ≤ 0.30 ≤ 0.25 $30.0061
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Household Energy
Savings• Opaque Doors
– V6.0 spec matches performance of best-
selling products
– No delta in spec = no energy savings
– Also no marginal cost
• Less than/Equal to Half-Lite Doors
– Zero to $2 per year
• Greater than Half-Lite Doors
– Marginal savings (RESFEN rounds to zero)
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Payback
• Opaque Doors
– N/A (No energy savings; No marginal cost)
• Less than/Equal to Half-Lite Doors
– Average of 22 years
• Greater than Half-Lite Doors
– N/A (Marginal savings)
– Requesting incremental cost from IECC
2009
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Agenda
• Proposed Draft 1 Window Criteria
• Proposed Draft 1 Door Criteria
• Proposed Draft 1 Skylight Criteria
• Comment Period
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V6.0 Draft 1 Criteria
• Overview
• Technological Feasibility & Product
Availability
• Cost-Effectiveness
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Proposed Criteria
Climate Zone U-Factor SHGC
Northern ≤ 0.45 ≤ 0.35
North-Central ≤ 0.47 ≤ 0.30
South-Central ≤ 0.50 ≤ 0.25
Southern ≤ 0.60 ≤ 0.25
Climate Zone U-Factor SHGC
Northern ≤ 0.55 Any
North-Central ≤ 0.55 ≤ 0.40
South-Central ≤ 0.57 ≤ 0.30
Southern ≤ 0.70 ≤ 0. 30
Current Criteria
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Technological Feasibility
(CPD Skylights)
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
Operable
Fixed
Domed
AL Clad-Wood
Other
Vinyl
Aluminum
Clear
Low-E
Triple
Double
Single
All Products
U-Factor
Gla
zin
gG
lass
Typ
e
Fram
e M
ate
rial
Op
era
tor T
ype
= Average
= Median
4,662
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Technological Feasibility
(CPD TDDs)
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Product Availability
Analysis
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CPD versus PA Analysis
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
≤0.44 ≤0.45 ≤0.46 ≤0.47 ≤0.50 ≤0.60
% o
f To
tal P
rod
uct
s
U-Factor
CPD
Products Available for Sale
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Technological Feasibility
Analysis (CPD)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800N
um
be
r o
f P
rod
uct
s
U-Factor
≥ 0.60
0.51-0.59
0.46-0.50
0.41-0.45
0.36-0.40
0.31-0.35
0.26-0.30
0.21-0.25
≤ 0.20
SHGC
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Product Availability
Analysis
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90N
um
be
r o
f P
rod
uct
s
U-Factor
0.51-0.59
0.46-0.50
0.41-0.45
0.36-0.40
0.31-0.35
0.26-0.30
0.21-0.25
≤0.2
SHGC
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V6.0 Draft 1 Criteria
• Overview
• Technological Feasibility & Product
Availability
• Cost-Effectiveness
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Cost-Effectiveness
• Incremental Product Costs
– Not enough skylight data received to publish
– Too few TDDs to calculate
• Household Energy Savings
– Zero to $4 per year
• Average Payback of 29 years
Zone U-Factor SHGC V5.0 to V6.0
Northern ≤ 0.45 ≤ 0.35 $0-20
North-Central ≤ 0.47 ≤ 0.30 $0-20
South-Central ≤ 0.50 ≤ 0.25 $20-$40
Southern ≤ 0.60 ≤ 0.25 $20-$40
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Agenda
• Proposed Draft 1 Window Criteria
• Proposed Draft 1 Door Criteria
• Proposed Draft 1 Skylight Criteria
• Comment Period
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Comment Period
• Send to [email protected]
• Mark as “Confidential” any files not to
be posted
• All other comments will be posted to
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c
=revisions.residential_windows_spec
• Comments due Friday, Sept. 28
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Gregory Homan
Christian Kohler
Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory (LBNL)
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Energy Star Program Savings Estimates
Gregory K. Homan
Richard E. Brown
Dariush Arasteh
Christian Kohler
Josh Apte
Steve Selkowitz
August 27, 2012
Windows & Daylighting Group
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Berkeley, California USASupported by U.S. Department of Energy
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LBNL’s role
• LBNL performed national analysis
• Analysis purely based on energy (Btu) not cost ($)
• Show where savings are possible
• Used to evaluate scenario’s
• Analysis also used to help DOE with program planning
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General Approach
• This update uses the same basic framework and tools as the 2008 specification.
• Intent: keep the methodology as similar as possible to the previous analysis
• Computer Simulations of Window Performance in a Typical House used to assess energy savings potentials from Energy Star program (using DOE-2 annual energy simulation tool)
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Energy Simulations
• DOE-2 energy simulations for homes
– 98 Climates
– 40+ window types per climate
– Gas, Electric Resistance, and HP heating
– Electric Air Conditioning
– New and Existing, 1 and 2 story homes
– RESFEN 6 available:http://windows.lbl.gov/software/resfen/6/resfen_download.asp
• Converted simulation results to Equations
– Heating/cooling data regressed for each climate as a
function of U and SHGC
– Regressions form the basis for National Energy Savings
Model 81
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Major Assumptions
Floor Area New Existing
1 Story Homes 1700 sq. ft. 1700 sq. ft.
2 Story Homes 2800 sq. ft. 2600 sq. ft.
House Type
Construction is modeled as frame. Both 1- and 2-story houses are modeled in all climates. Energy impact
based on the fractions of 1- and 2-story homes in each climate, for New and Existing.
Foundation:
Based on location, and National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) data.
Basement, slab, and crawlspace foundation types are modeled
Insulation: New is based on location using 2006 IECC
requirements in Table 402.1.1 (except for
fenestration).
Existing is modeled based on
Ritschard et al. (1992).
Infiltration: SLA = 0.00036 SLA = 0.00054
SLA = Standard Leakage Area = Effective leakage area / conditioned floor area.
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Rationale: National Model
• DOE-2 models tell only part of the story:
– Four buildings for each of 98 cities in database:
• New vs. existing homes, 1 vs. 2 story
– Also need to account for regional variation:
• Population density
• window sales patterns
• Heating fuels
• equipment penetration
• National sales model weights these regional patterns.
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National Savings Model
• Estimates national and regional energy consumption
– Estimates window sales based on Ducker shipment data.
– Disaggregated by new homes / remodel and replacement
• Savings from window programs calculated by comparing
scenarios.
– The DOE-2 database allows wide range of U/SHGC simulations.
• Model handles translation among the different geographic
areas
– Efficiency: ENERGY STAR, IECC zones
– Population, housing characteristics: Census
– Sales: States
• Calibrated using RECS data84
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Reference Windows
• Double-pane, clear glass, vinyl frame– Used to represent low-end products and older code options,
• IECC criteria were used as the basis for the next
sets of reference criteria – 2009 and 2012
– Modifications to SHGC in modeling
• Also current ENERGY STAR (v. 5.0)
• Set penetration rates for each type based on existing and
projected building code adoption.
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Zone Criteria Maxima Model Inputs
U-factor SHGC U-factor SHGC
Double Clear All N/A N/A 0.45 0.55
IECC 2009 8 0.35 NR 0.35 0.27
7 0.35 NR 0.35 0.27
6 0.35 NR 0.35 0.27
5 0.35 NR 0.35 0.27
4 0.35 NR 0.35 0.27
3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.27
2 0.65 0.3 0.65 0.27
1 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.27
IECC 2012 8 0.32 NR 0.32 0.27
7 0.32 NR 0.32 0.27
6 0.32 NR 0.32 0.27
5 0.32 NR 0.32 0.27
4 0.35 0.4 0.35 0.27
3 0.35 0.25 0.35 0.25
2 0.4 0.25 0.4 0.25
1 NR 0.25 1.2 0.25
ENERGY Northern 0.30 NR 0.30 0.27
STAR North-Central 0.32 0.4 0.32 0.27
(2010) South-Central 0.35 0.3 0.35 0.27
Southern 0.6 0.27 0.6 0.27 86
Modeled Reference Windows
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Modeled Criteria Scenarios
ENERGY STAR Climate Zone U-Factor SHGC
Northern 0.18-0.27 0.25-0.27
North-Central 0.22-0.30 0.27
South-Central 0.25-0.32 0.23-0.25
Southern 0.30-0.40 0.17-0.25
To evaluate potential Version 6.0 ENERGY STAR criteria,
several sets of candidate window specifications were
developed.
• Complete criteria sets to evaluate overall
programmatic impact potential
• Individual U-factor and SHGC criteria across the
zones
• Understand trends in heating and cooling loads at
various levels.
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Modeling Variations
• Several ENERGY STAR Market Penetration variants were
modeled
– 10%, 5% and no MP reduction after new specification
• Savings presented are “first year” program savings; further
MP over time was not modeled.
• What we present are results for the default-MP with
calibration
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Savings Results
• Savings presented are “first year” program savings
only.
– Further market penetration over time not modeled
• Savings due to changed SHGC over existing
Energy Star are small in most instances.
– Higher than expected share of efficient windows
– Very high market share of ENERGY STAR compliant
products
• Zone savings ≈ 0.23 - 0.99 trillion Btu per year
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Remarks:Heat savings quite substantial,
partly due to relatively low
existing penetration rate of high
efficiency windows.
Zone 1 South
Specification V. 5 V.6
U-value 0.60 0.40
SHGC (Criterion) 0.27 0.25
SHGC (as Modeled) 0.27 0.25
90
Trillion Btu Savings
Total 0.99
Heating 0.93
Cooling 0.06
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Zone 2 South Central
Remarks:Proposal modestly improved in
this zone, and savings
correspond.
Trillion Btu Savings
Total 0.23
Heating 0.17
Cooling 0.06
Specification V5 V6
U-value 0.35 0.31
SHGC (Criterion) 0.30 0.25
SHGC (as Modeled) 0.27 0.25
91
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SHGC sensitivity in South Central zone
-
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
0.3 0.27 0.25 0.23
Tri
llio
n B
TU
SHGC
Total, Heating and Cooling Energy IECC zone 3, Various SHGC, U .32
total
heat
cool
Changes in Heating and Cooling
Energy due to changes in SHGC
largely offset each other.
Same effect at U .32 and .35
92
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Zone 3 North Central
Remarks:Heat savings dominate.
Improvement only in U-factor.
Modest cooling losses.
Specification V5 V6
U-value 0.32 0.29
SHGC (Criterion) 0.40 0.40
SHGC (as Modeled) 0.27 0.27
93
Trillion Btu Savings
Total 0.47
Heating 0.54
Cooling (0.07)
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Zone 4 North
Remarks:Energy savings in heating, due to
significant U-factor
improvement.
Most populous zone
Specification V5 V6
U-value 0.30 0.27
SHGC (Criterion) Any Any
SHGC (as Modeled) 0.27 0.27
94
Trillion Btu Savings
Total 0.51
Heating 0.67
Cooling (0.15)
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National Savings
Remarks:Significant annual savings in
heating energy, overall
modest increase in cooling
energy.
Even greater heating savings
possible but might require
shift to triples and minimum
SHGC in the North.
Annual savings from program
expected to increase in future
years as penetration of
ENERGY STAR products
increases.
Trillion Btu Savings
Total 2.21
Heating 2.31
Cooling (0.10)
95
1 trillion Btu ≈ $18 million
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Trade-off analysis
• In heating climates, equal annual energy performance can
be achieved with different U/SHGC combinations.
– Want to reduce overall energy consumption
• Lower U – better thermal performance
• Raise SHGC – increased “free” heat (but must be
“useful” to offset net heating)
• How much do you have to raise SHGC to keep the same
energy consumption with a higher U?
– - 0.01 U = 0.xx SHGC
• Tradeoff analysis performed for Northern ENERGY STAR
zone
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Procedure
• Calculate overall energy consumption with spec U (0.27)
and modeled SHGC (0.27)
• Then increase the U-factor by 0.01
• Calculate which SHGC will results in equivalent energy
consumption
• Result: U=0.28, SHGC=0.32
• 0.01 U = 0.05 SHGC
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• SHGC=0.27 modeled in Northern Zone because of market availability of products
• Setting a minimum SHGC higher would results in significantly larger savings (e.g. double the savings for SHGC=0.35)
Effect of SHGC in the North
98
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45TotalEnergySavings(TrillionBtu)
SHGC
EffectofSHGConNorthernZonetotalenergysavings
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Sources
• Apte, J. and D. Arasteh. 2006. Window-Related Energy Consumption in the U.S. Residential and
Commercial Building Stock. LBNL-60146. Berkeley, Ca. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
June. http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=928762
• Apte, J, D. Arasteh, and G. K. Homan. 2008. A National Energy Savings Model of US Window Sales.
Berkeley, Ca. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. August. http://windows.lbl.gov/estar2008/
• Arasteh et. al., 2008. RESFEN6 Modeling Assumptions for the 2008 ENERGY STAR Window
Analysis. Berkeley, Ca. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. April.
http://windows.lbl.gov/estar2008/
• Ducker Research Company, Inc., 2011a. Study of the U.S. Market for Windows, Door and Skylights.
• Ducker Worldwide LLC, 2011b. ENERGY STAR Window & Door Tracking Program.
• US DOE, United States Department of Energy. 2004. Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2001:
Housing Characteristics. DOE/EIA-0314(01). Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy
Markets and End Use. Washington, DC.
• Ritschard, R. L., Hanford, J. W., et al. (1992). Single-Family Heating and Cooling Requirements:
Assumptions, Methods and Summary Results. Berkeley, CA, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory: LBL-30377
99
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Windows, Doors, and Skylights
Stakeholder Meeting
Lunch Break
Most Efficient Update at 12:30 PM Eastern
Meeting resumes at 1:00 PM Eastern
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Doug Anderson
U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyProject Manager
ENERGY STAR Window, Door, and Skylights
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ENERGY STAR
Most Efficient Update
• EPA and DOE discussing proposal
• Windows will be folded into the existing
ME program structure and format
• Individual products (not lines) will be listed
in detail on web site (but not prices)
• No “Most Efficient” logos on products –
only for marketing (web, brochures, signs)
• See www.energystar.gov/mostefficient
10
2
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ENERGY STAR
Most Efficient Update
• Draft recognition criteria to be released
early September
• Three-week comment period
• Stakeholder webinar mid September
• Final criteria released in October
• Recognized product lists for windows
start January 2013
10
3
Will be
2013!
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Thomas S. Zaremba
Roetzel & Andress
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105
Executive Summary – Stakeholder Comments
• The Addition of Minimum SHGCs in the Northern
Zone
• Adding Equivalent U-Factor / SHGC
Combinations in the Northern Zone
• Lowering U-Factor to 0.25 in the Northern Zone
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106
Minimum SHGC
• EPA‟s Report says that “high-gain, low U-factor products” are “extremely
uncommon” and a minimum SHGC would violate the Energy Star principle
that “products are broadly available.” (Draft 1 Criteria and Analysis Report,
pp. 26-27).
*****These statements are incorrect*****
• EVERY primary glass manufacturer offers a high-solar gain product for sale in the U.S. marketplace.
• The same primary glass makers supply both the U.S. and Canada.
• The Canadian Energy Star database, where high-solar gain products are encouraged, shows that over 20,000 high-solar gain products are available.
• Applying the regression model developed by LBNL in 2008, numerous high-solar gain products can readily be matched with U-factors to deliver equivalent energy performance to low U-factors in the north.
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107
Product Availability - High-Solar Gain Low E
• PPG offers three high-solar gain products:
– Sungate 400, Sungate 500 and Sungate 600
• Guardian offers four high-solar gain products:
– ClimaGuard 75/68, 80/70, IS-15 and IS-20
• Cardinal offers two high-solar gain products:
– LoE-180 and LoE-i81
• NSG/Pilkington offers one high-solar gain product – Energy Advantage
• AGC offers three high-solar gain products:
– Comfort E2, E-PS and Ti-PS.
• Given that 13 different high-solar gain products are available from 5
different manufacturers, EPA‟s statement that such products are
“extremely rare” is not correct.
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108
Equivalent U-factor/SHGC Combinations in the North
• The Draft 1 Criteria will unfairly preclude a number of equivalent energy performing products from bearing the Energy Star label.
Currently, only one set of equivalent energy performing products will qualify for the Energy Star label, namely, a 0.28 U-factor with an SHGC ≥ 0.32.
• Pursuant to the regression model published in 2008 by LBNL, windows meeting these criteria will also deliver equivalent energy performance:
- U-factor = 0.29 with SHGC ≥ 0.37
- U-factor = 0.30 with SHGC ≥ 0.42.
• There is also no legitimate basis upon which to discriminate against
these equivalent energy performing windows by depriving them of an
Energy Star label in the northern zone.
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109
Lower Northern U-Factors
• In a recent unofficial poll, Window and Door asked readers what they thought of EPA‟s Draft 1 criteria. As of 8/7/12, 61% of those responding thought the criteria should have been more stringent.
• The criteria issued by DOE in 2003 resulted in an aggregate national energy savings of 12.0 trillion Btus (tBtus).
• The last criteria revision issued by DOE in 2009 resulted in an aggregate national energy savings of 9.2 tBtus.
• EPA‟s Draft 1 Criteria will only result in an aggregate energy savings of 2.2 tBtus, or one-fourth of the savings resulting from the last Energy Star revision cycle.
• In the last revision cycle, the northern zone alone resulted in a 1.97 tBtu savings while EPA‟s Draft 1 criteria will only save 0.52 tBtus, or about one-fourth of the energy savings captured in the last cycle.
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110
Lower Northern U-Factor
• Why are the aggregate energy savings so low in this cycle compared to earlier
Energy Star cycles?
• In part, because EPA‟s northern U-factor criteria is so high that, instead of leading the
market to the best performing products, it will continue to permit a full 41.5% of the
products that are currently on the market to meet the new criteria. (See, Report, p.
20).
• This contradicts Energy Star‟s own stated goal of selecting “efficiency levels
reflective of the top 25% of models available on the market.” (See, Report, p. 7).
• What should be done?
• One thing that could greatly increase aggregate national energy savings in the
northern zone is a reduction in U-factor to 0.25.
• EPA‟s own data clearly shows that 4th surface low-e double glazed units can easily
achieve 0.26, 0.25 and even 0.24 U-factors.
• Figure 14 of the Report shows that 7% of the double glazed units in the CPD are 4th
surface low-e windows with U-factors ≤ 0.25. (See, Report p. 24).
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111
Passive Solar & 4th Surface Low E Coatings
• The chart below shows high-solar gain Low E coatings that are marketed by the U.S.
primary glass manufacturers. Every one of the U.S. glass manufacturers offers at
least one #4 surface window coating:
Manufacturer Product Name Coating Type 4th Surface
PPG Sungate 400 Soft Coat No
PPG Sungate 500 Hard Coat No
PPG Sungate 600 Hard Coat Yes
NSG / Pilkington Energy Advantage Hard Coat Yes
Cardinal LoE-180 Soft Coat No
Cardinal LoE-181 Soft Coat Yes
Guardian ClimaGuard 75/68 Soft Coat No
Guardian ClimaGuard 80/70 Soft Coat No
Guardian ClimaGuard IS-15 Soft Coat Yes
Guardian ClimaGuard IS-20 Soft Coat Yes
AGC Comfort E2 Hard Coat Yes
AGC Comfort EPS Hard Coat Yes
AGC Comfort Ti-PS Soft Coat No
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112
4th Surface Low E Products
• Some window manufacturers have expressed concern that condensation may be an issue with use of 4th surface low-e products.
• In fact, the surface temperature of these products are at least 4º F warmer at the center of glass than double pane clear glass with a ½” air gap.
• Over extensive use spanning more than 25 years, there is no documented evidence to support the notion that properly manufactured double pane clear units with a ½” air gap have experienced harmful condensation in cold climates.
• Given that 4th surface low-e products are 4º F warmer at the center of glass, if condensation exists, it will be related to the cooler frame and spacer surfaces, not the glass.
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113
Contact Information
www.ralaw.comAkron ● Chicago ● Cincinnati ● Cleveland ● Columbus ● Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers ● Naples ● Orlando ● Tallahassee ● Toledo ● Washington, D.C.
Thomas S ZarembaRoetzel & Andress, LPA
1 Seagate, Suite 1700
Toledo, Ohio 43604
Phone: 419-254-5246
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John H. Jervis
American Window & Door Institute (AWDI)
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©2010-2012 AWDI, LLC.
Who Is AWDI
• AWDI, LLC – Since 1989, describing performance-based
installation best practices for Replacement, Remodeling,
Retrofit and new construction applications. Launched
WIXSYS.com to offer online more than 48 application
specific illustrated installation best practices.
• First described flashing practices basis for Method
A/Method B recommendations in ASTM 2112
• First published Standards and Practices, first
Certification Procedure, recommendation from
Consumer Reports Magazine, first registered
Certification Mark for installation.
John H. Jervis; Managing Director
1-800-488-AWDI – 8/27/2012
115
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©2010-2012 AWDI, LLC.
Who Is AWDI
• Founded, published and edited Window & Door Magazine
• Established Annual Top 100 Manufacturers
• Established Annual Crystal Achievement Awards
• Helped Home Depot establish At-Home Services for
Window Replacement
• Installation Consultation w/ 30+ major Window Companies
• ASTM 2112 Task Force participant
• Member Florida Building Commission
Window/Wall Workgroup
John H. Jervis; Managing Director
1-800-488-AWDI – 8/27/2012
116
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©2010-2012 AWDI, LLC.
Retrofit Has Biggest Need
• Retrofit, Remodel and Replacement
need installation most attention
• New Construction served by
ASTM 2112 and building codes.
• When old windows are replaced
with energy efficient ones, weather
management in the existing
opening is too often compromised
resulting in reduced in-service
performance*.
*AWDI/NCTL 2011 Testing Results
117
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©2010-2012 AWDI, LLC.
75% Mfrs Need Instructions
• “Top 100” manufacturers mentioned in § 3.2.2 of Directive are
barely 10% of manufacturers to be considered
• Of the Top 1,000, 75% are small fabricators missing instructions.
• Half dozen PVC Extruders provide product design and parts for
more than 700 fabricators. Think “Coca Cola regional bottlers.”
They need to be accommodated.
• WIXSYS portal designed to be an immediate compliance
solution and resource for other performance information
• WIXSYS can help avoid stragglers who would be in danger of
losing Energy Star Rating and resistance to the Directive
118
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©2010-2012 AWDI, LLC.
Pushback from Manufacturers
• Reluctance to make instructions available to consumers
• Need to protect the Specialty dealer and
professional installers in marketplace
• Concern for increased cost to post and comply
• Concern posting will increase liability for install
• Concern directive will raise cost to install
But – Historical Evidence suggests otherwise
119
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©2010-2012 AWDI, LLC.
WIXSYS Portal is Adaptive
• For those who have all
• For those who have a few
• For those who have none
• WIXSYS library portal style
meets full list of EPA/DOE
criteria manufacturers
can embrace 100% or
selectively add to their
stable to eventually
replace with their own
www.wixsys.com/beta.html
120
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©2010-2012 AWDI, LLC.
Additional Languages
• Instructions need to be
available in languages –
primarily Spanish
• Translation in progress
www.puertayventana.com
121
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©2010-2012 AWDI, LLC.
Delivery of Instructions
• Access to instructions need to be available from the
window itself
• QR or Smart Code
will allow direct link
to Manufacturer’s
personal WIXSYS site
• Code can be product
and/or application specific
• Each use can be tracked down to product and place
122
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©2010-2012 AWDI, LLC.
So Many Applications –
So Few Instructions
• Instructions
need to cover
hundreds of
application
specific conditions
• Need to be
performance-based
rather than prescriptive
• Only comprehensive library available
Each section fully Illustrated
with line art and sequential
photos based on tests,
standards and best practices
123
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©2010-2012 AWDI, LLC.
WIXSYS Portal provides:
• Illustrated List of Tools and Hardware
• Detailed, Comprehensive 5-Plane Measurement
• Lead-Safe Testing, Installing and Cleanup Methods
• Illustrated Window, Wall and Door Parts & Components
• Illustrated Guidance for Removal of Existing Windows
• Detailed Illustrated Flashing & Shimming Instructions
• How to Seal and Weatherproof all 5 barriers
• All Application-specific and Mounting-specific Variables
124
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Jeff Inks
Window & Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA)
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Introductory Remarks
WDMA member manufacturers:
• Committed to improving energy efficiency of fenestration & achieving efficiency goals for the built environment
• Historically invested and committed to the ENERGY STAR® Program
• Concerned about guiding principles & future of the program
2012 Window & Door Manufacturers Association | Windows, Doors & Skylights Version 6.0 Stakeholder Meeting | 08/27/2012
ENERGY STAR® for Windows, Doors, and Skylights
Version 6.0 – Draft 1
Preliminary WDMA Comments
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Introductory Remarks
Among issues of particular concern to WDMA member manufacturers:
• Provisions for:⁻ Certain Energy Efficiency Requirements & basis for them⁻ Air Leakage Requirements⁻ Installation Instructions
• Consistent basis for skylight criteria• Aspects of Analysis Report• Future revisions & process• Others
2012 Window & Door Manufacturers Association | Windows, Doors & Skylights Version 6.0 Stakeholder Meeting | 08/27/2012
ENERGY STAR® for Windows, Doors, and Skylights
Version 6.0 – Draft 1
Preliminary WDMA Comments
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Air Leakage Requirements
• Concurrence with inclusion
• Values appropriate
• Issues with labeling
2012 Window & Door Manufacturers Association | Windows, Doors & Skylights Version 6.0 Stakeholder Meeting | 08/27/2012
ENERGY STAR® for Windows, Doors, and Skylights
Version 6.0 – Draft 1
Preliminary WDMA Comments
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Installation Instructions
• If a requirement is included, simple is adequate, e.g. manufacturers must provide
• Proposed list of what must be included problematic⁻ ambiguous⁻ some impractical⁻ no compliance measures
• Issue already covered by building code
• Unrealistic to expect industry associations to provide
2012 Window & Door Manufacturers Association | Windows, Doors & Skylights Version 6.0 Stakeholder Meeting | 08/27/2012
ENERGY STAR® for Windows, Doors, and Skylights
Version 6.0 – Draft 1
Preliminary WDMA Comments
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Analysis Report
• Caution on relying too heavily on Ducker & NFRC database
• Exclusion of triple pane from analysis
• Analysis should be updated
• Others
2012 Window & Door Manufacturers Association | Windows, Doors & Skylights Version 6.0 Stakeholder Meeting | 08/27/2012
ENERGY STAR® for Windows, Doors, and Skylights
Version 6.0 – Draft 1
Preliminary WDMA Comments
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Guiding principles
• Industry perception/position of the intent of the program
• Concerns over EPA’s perspective and current intent of program
• EPA needs to re-evaluate direction
• Reduction of energy consumption needs to be priority
• Ensuring consumers have sound, reliable guidance on window, door and skylight selection needs to be priority
• Market penetration is not a bad thing
2012 Window & Door Manufacturers Association | Windows, Doors & Skylights Version 6.0 Stakeholder Meeting | 08/27/2012
ENERGY STAR® for Windows, Doors, and Skylights
Version 6.0 – Draft 1
Preliminary WDMA Comments
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Revision Timing & Process
• Current revision process needs to be maintained
⁻ Windows, doors & skylights different than other program products
• Frequency of revisions – needs to consider many factors
• Potentially pushing unproven technologies
2012 Window & Door Manufacturers Association | Windows, Doors & Skylights Version 6.0 Stakeholder Meeting | 08/27/2012
ENERGY STAR® for Windows, Doors, and Skylights
Version 6.0 – Draft 1
Preliminary WDMA Comments
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ENERGY STAR® for Windows, Doors, and Skylights
Version 6.0 – Draft 1 Preliminary WDMA Comments
Jeff InksVice President –Code & Regulatory Affairs
Window & Door ManufacturersAssociation
ENERGY STAR® for Windows, Doors, and SkylightsVersion 6.0 – Draft 1Stakeholder Meeting
August 27th, 2012 133
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Ray Garries
JELD-WEN Inc
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ENERGY STAR ™ Version 6
Proposal Review August 27, 2012
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ENERGY STAR ™ Version 6.0 Proposal Review
• JELD-WEN, inc. has been a partner since ENERGY STAR’s
beginning in 1998 and is a two-time Partner of the Year
• ENERGY STAR ™ is the largest brand in our industry for
energy efficient products
• Primary concerns include the protection of the brand and
increased sales of branded products to reduce energy costs
to consumers
• An estimated one billion single-glazed windows and doors in
North America still in use and in need of replacement
Key Points
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20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Win
do
w U
nit
s S
old
(in
millio
ns)
Year
Total Window Units Sold Over Last Decade
ENERGY STAR ™ Version 6.0 Proposal Review
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ENERGY STAR ™ Version 6.0 Proposal Review
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
EN
ER
GY
ST
AR
Perc
en
t M
ark
et
Sh
are
-L
t b
lue l
ine
EN
ER
GY
ST
AR
Win
do
ws S
old
(M
illi
on
s)
dark
blu
e l
ine
ENERGY STAR Sales vs. Market Share
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20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Do
or
un
its s
old
(in
millio
ns)
Year
Total Door Units Sold Over Last Decade
ENERGY STAR ™ Version 6.0 Proposal Review
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2014 2017
Millio
ns o
f W
ind
ow
s S
old
Total Window Sales vs. ENERGY STAR Window Sales
Total Window Sold
Total ENERGY STAR Windows Sold
Lt. blue: 2014P & 2017P
forecasted sales from Ducker
research.
Navy: 2014P & 2017P
Specification change years
resulting in reduced ENERGY
STAR market share.
ENERGY STAR ™ Version 6.0 Proposal Review
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Portland, OR
Pittsburgh, PA
Missoula, MT
Minneapolis, MN
International Falls, MN
Denver, CO
Chicago, IL
Boston, MA
Boise, ID
Birmingham, NY
Years
Version 6 criteria effect- Years Required to Recoup Costs for Windows in Whole House in the Northern Zone
Triple Pane Payback (Years)
Double Pane Payback (Years)
= 7-year payback
ENERGY STAR ™ Version 6.0 Proposal Review
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Key point review;
- A larger market share is not a bad thing for consumers.
- The market share has grown by severe total sales loss
- Real Affordability must be the primary driver of the program
- The Housing Depression is still in effect
ENERGY STAR ™ Version 6.0 Proposal Review
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– Windows:
• Northern U-Factor ≤ 0.29
• North Central U-Factor
≤ 0.31 and SHGC ≤0.40
– Doors:
• Opaque U-Factor ≤ 0.19
• ≤ ½ lite U-Factor ≤ 0.25
• >1/2 lite U-Factor ≤ 0.30
• >1/2 lite SHGC ≤ 0.27
ENERGY STAR ™ Version 6.0 Proposal Review
Our recommendations; balance the program
considering a maximum 5-7 year payback and
driving innovation, Move the program start to 2015,
and adjust limits as shown.
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Thank you for the opportunity to present our
concerns to improve the program and your
commitment to this process.
Contact: Ray Garries
Corporate Manager
JELD-WEN, inc.
ENERGY STAR ™ Version 6.0 Proposal Review
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Rich Walker
American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA)
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Agenda
• Base window packages
• Calculation of simple payback
• NFRC CPD data
• AAMA and NFRC air certification database
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Ray Dill
ODL, Inc.
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EPA Draft 1 Version 6.0 Criteria
and Analysis
Stakeholders Meeting
Recommendations submitted by
ODL, Inc., Zeeland, MI
August 27, 2012
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Door and Skylight issues
1. Door: “29.8 percent glazing” confusing
2. Door: Inconsistency between full lite and half lite U-factors
3. Skylight: TDD listed and recent test results need considered to finalize ES U-factor
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1. “29.8 percent glazing” = ½ lite
Conflicts with industry ratings
• Per NFRC 100-2010, page 40
• ½ lite = 560mm x 915mm (22X36)
• Full lite = 560mm x 1625mm (22X64)
Percentage not used in industry
Confusing to industry and consumer
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1. “29.8 percent glazing” = ½ lite (continued)
Recommend:
• “29.8 percent glazing” be eliminated
• Maintain current NFRC rating sizes
– ½ lite = 560mm x 915mm (22X36)
– Full lite = 560mm x 1625mm (22X64)
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2. Full lite and 1/2 lite inconsistent
Consistency expectation
• If an IG construction in a specific door meets ES in a full lite . . .
• . . . a ½ lite of the same IG construction in the same door should also meet ES
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2. Full lite and 1/2 lite inconsistent (continued)
Many examples in the NFRC’s CPD, i.e.,0.17 Opaque door – meets ES
0.30 Full lite IG with hard coat low e – meets ES
0.25 ½ lite, same IG construction – does not meet ESNote: soft coat & argon required for ½ lite to achieve 0.23
Recommendation:
0.17 opaque, 0.30 full lite, 0.25 half lite
Note: same issue occurred last time ES revised - when
understood . . . 0.32 kept for full lite, ½ lite changed to 0.27
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3. TDD U-factor Testing
Reference Figure 26 on Page 43
• Based on CPD . . . nearly all averages and
medians below 0.40
Recent changes
• U-factor simulations replaced by physical testing
• Physical test results vary since test equipment
began use
• Recent tests demonstrate these low values not
repeatable or achievable with same designs
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3. TDD U-factor Testing(continued)
Recommend:
• Prepare to revise 0.45 U-factor proposal
• Revise ES requirement based on results
communicated during Comment Period 3
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Question and Answer Session
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Comment Period
• Send to [email protected]
• Mark as “Confidential” any files not to
be posted
• All other comments will be posted to
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?
c=revisions.residential_windows_spec
• Comments due Friday, Sept. 28
15
7