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WildlifecrimeinUganda:howcanwepreventit?
PresentedbyGeoffreyMwedde&HenryTravers
atthePro-poorResponsestoWildlifeCrimeResearchWorkshopHotelAfricana25th-26thMay2016
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Evidencereview
Inves-ga-onofdrivers
Interven-onevalua-on
Recommenda-onsforUWA
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TheaimofthesecondphaseoftheresearchwastopredictbehaviourchangeunderdifferentpolicyandintervenLonopLonsIntervenLonstoinvesLgatewereidenLfiedfollowing:• theevidencereview• UgandaWildlifePolicy2014• successfulapproachesfromelsewhere
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Interven'ons Descrip'on
HWCmiLgaLon Designate25%or50%ofrevenuesharingfundsspecificallytofundhumanwildlifeconflictmiLgaLon
Improvelivelihoods SupportwildlifefriendlyenterpriseschemestoimprovelivelihoodopLonsavailabletooffenders
Eco-guards Employvillageeco-guards/scoutstoactaslinkbetweencommuniLesandUWA,respondtoHWC
Withdrawresourcerights
Withdrawallrightstoharvestresourcesfromwithinprotectedareaboundaries
RegulatedhunLng Allowaregulatedtradeinspecificspecies,providedsustainabilityofoWakecouldbeensured
Increaselawenforcement
IncreasetheprobabilityofdetecLonofwildlifecrimeswithinprotectedareaboundaries
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WeusedthreemethodstoinvesLgatethepreferencesoflocalpeople:• choiceexperiments• scenariointerviews• keyinformantinterviewsAworkshopwasheldinKampalainJuly2015toinvesLgatethepreferencesofUWAstaff
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ChoiceExperiments
• UsedtoinvesLgatelocalpreferencesforthedifferentpolicy
changesandintervenLons• Goodproxyforunderstandinghowpeople’sviewsofconservaLon
acLviLeswouldchangeunderdifferentpolicyopLons
• EachrespondentisshownaseriesofcardswithtwoalternaLveopLonsthatarecharacterisedbydifferenta\ributesandvaluesandaresimplyaskedwhichonetheyprefer
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Specs/A2ributes AcerCB5-311-T9Y2 DellXPS13(2015)
DisplaySizeandType 14.1inchLED 13.3inch
PixelDensity 117PPI 165PPI
ResoluLon 1366x768px 1920x1080px
Ba\eryLife 7hrs 5hrs
ProcessorCores Quad-Core Dual-Core
ProcessorCache 2MB 3MB
Price $350 $590Qn.:Whichop'ondoyouprefer('ck)
Computer1 Computer2
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• whatintervenLons/policieshaveworkedelsewhere?• howdidweidenLfyintervenLons/policiestobeconsidered?• whataretheintervenLons/policiesweconsidered?• methods• choiceexperiments
– howdoesthemethodwork?– whataretheresults?
• Scenariointerviews– howdoesthemethodwork?– whataretheresults?
• Keyinformantinterviews– peoplesuggestwhathasbeendoneinthepast,whattheythinktheyarelikelytoget– thecaseofcrop-raiding– reformedpoacherassociaLons
• UWAstaff• Howdotheresultsofthedifferentapproachescompare?
5
Scenario1 Scenario2
HumanWildlifeConflict 1/2(50%)RSfundstoHWC
NoRSfundstoHWC
Employeco-guards Noeco-guardsemployed
2eco-guardsinyourvillageemployed
Chancesofbeingcaughthuntingillegally
1outof1000peoplecaughthuntingillegally
1outof10peoplecaughthunting
illegally
Sustainablehuntingformeat(domesticuse)
Huntingallowedfordomesticconsumption
Huntingnotallowed
Wildlife-friendlyenterpriseschemes
Noscheme,nobenefitScheme;participants
earnUgx1,000,000/yr
Attributes
Whichscenariodoyouprefer(tickone)?
CHOICESET
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• whatintervenLons/policieshaveworkedelsewhere?• howdidweidenLfyintervenLons/policiestobeconsidered?• whataretheintervenLons/policiesweconsidered?• methods• choiceexperiments
– howdoesthemethodwork?– whataretheresults?
• Scenariointerviews– howdoesthemethodwork?– whataretheresults?
• Keyinformantinterviews– peoplesuggestwhathasbeendoneinthepast,whattheythinktheyarelikelytoget– thecaseofcrop-raiding– reformedpoacherassociaLons
• UWAstaff• Howdotheresultsofthedifferentapproachescompare?
RelaLvepreference Rank
Murchison Queen Murchison Queen
50%revenuesharingforHWC -0.05 1.00 4 1
eco-guards 0.31 0.54 2 2
increasedetecLonprobbyorderof10 0.03 0.16 3 4
regulatedhunLng -0.17 -0.09 5 5
agri-environmentalscheme 0.39 0.39 1 3
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Thescenariointerviewsconsideredchangeinthreevariables• labourallocatedtomainlivelihoodacLvity• howfaireachscenariowasconsideredtobe• howlikelyrespondentsweretoinformonillegalacLviLes
ScenariointerviewscannotbeusedtodirectlyinvesLgatewildlifecrime
ScenarioInterviews- WildlifecrimeissensiLveandwecannotquesLondirectlyaboutit- Weuseproxies- ScenariointerviewsinvesLgatepotenLaleffecLvenessofpoliciesand
intervenLons- Wecandrawconclusionsonpeople’slikelihoodtoengageinwildlife
crimeortosupportconservaLon
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ProporLonofrespondentswhochangeposiLvely
ProporLonofrespondentswhodonotchange
ProporLonofrespondentswhochangenegaLvely
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Crop-raiding
predaLon
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ImprovedlivelihoodsthroughwildlifefriendlyenterpriseswereconsideredtobethefairestopLonatbothsitesAuthorisedresourceusersmorelikelytothinkopLonsarefair
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Improvedlivelihoods,ecoguardsandhumanwildlifeconflictmiLgaLonallpredictedtoincreaselikelihoodofhouseholdsinformingImportantimplicaLonsforintelligenceledenforcement
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Thesinglebiggestresponseforourkey-informantswassteadyjobsMeanstoearnmoneyallyearroundviewedasveryimportantHunterswillingtoearnlesstoreducerisks/difficultlifestyle*Ifsupportforlivelihoodsoffered,veryimportantthatisfollowedthrough*PrevenLngcrop-raidingalsoreceivedbroadsupport
KeyInformantInterviews- Involvedcurrent&former
poachers
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WeaskedUWAstaffwhichcommunityintervenLonswouldhavethegreatestimpactonreducingwildlifecrime
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LabourallocaLon Fairness Likelihood
ofinformingCommunitypreference
UWApreference
HWCmiLgaLon + ++ ++ ++ ++
Improvelivelihoods ++ ++ ++ ++ ++
Eco-guards ++ ++ ++ ++ +
Withdrawresourcerights - - +/- not
assessednot
assessed
RegulatedhunLng - +/- + - -
Increaselawenforcement
notassessed
notassessed
notassessed + ++
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Summary:• Broadagreementfoundbetweendifferentmethodsused• OverallHWCmiLgaLonandwildlifefriendlyenterpriseschemesmost
preferredopLons• Significantdifferencesinresponsesfoundbetweensites• HouseholdsthatsufferfromcropraidingandlivestockpredaLonare
morelikelytochangetheirbehaviour• Thereismodestlocalsupportforincreasedenforcement• CommunityengagementapproachescanimprovetheeffecLveness
oflawenforcementthroughmoreintelligence
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Thankyouforlistening