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Why it is important?
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Do you know your “nyms” ?
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Synonym - same Antonym - opposite Autoantonym – means two things that are
opposites Capitonym – means something different when
capitalized Eponym – a word derived from a name Heteronym – spelled the same, pronounced
different, has a different meaning Hyponym – a word with a more specific
meaning than another Mononym – a one word name Meronym
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Hyponym –Waterfall
A-1
Toponym - Capital of Turkey
B-1
Heteronym – To give deference Used w/a ViolinC-1
Eponym – A scheme to defraudD-1
Antonym – Cacophony
A-2
Heteronym -To Actively Place (v)Golf termB-2
Capitonym – Country or Bird
C-2
Autoantonym –MurderousCheerfully optimisticD-2
Mononym –Mrs. Sonny BonoA-3
EponymEl SalvadorB-3
Synonym – Extraneous C-3
Meronym –Concave & ConvexD-3
Autoantonym –To adhereTo cut apart
A-4
Capitonym -Liturgical Function orPhysical property of matterB-4
Antonym -Surreptitious
C-4
Hyponym – Syntax
D-4
Meronym - Past & Future
A-5
Synonym – Inept
B-5
Mononym –Eva Braun’s HusbandC-5
Toponym - Effervescent WineFrom FranceD-5
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Hyponym – Niagara FallsBridal Veil Falls
Toponym - Ankara - Angora
Heteronym -Bow
Eponym -Ponzy Scheme
Antonym -Quite, peaceful
Heteronym - putting
Capitonym -Turkey
Autoantonym –sanguine
Mononym -Cher
Eponym - The Savior, Christ
Synonym -Irrelevant
Meronym -Flat
Autoantonym –Cleave
Capitonym -Massmass
Antonym –ClandestineSneaky
Hyponym -Grammar,Intonation
Meronym -Present
Synonym –IncompetentClumsy
Mononym –Hitler
Toponym - Champagne
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Every communication situation has at least eight components: A TRANSACTION in which a (1) sender
(2) encodes a (3) message in some (5) context and sends it through a (4) channel to a (6) receiver who (7) decodes it and reacts (8 effect).
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Sender ◦ Source
The person who communicates with another person through symbolic actions◦ Written◦ Spoken◦ Signs◦ Gestures
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Encoding the process of creating a discourse or text
that another person will later decode.
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Message a string of symbols with a beginning and an
end
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Context the experiences, past or present, that
provide the circumstances in which events (including symbolic actions) occur◦ Contexts are the experiences, physical or virtual,
past or present, which the author and audience need to share for communication to be effective along with the times and places that inform communicative situations.
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Channels◦ Spoken◦ Written
Others?
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Decode the process of interpreting a discourse or
text that another person has encoded
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Effect effect is the result of all eight components
combined because they are "embedded" in the message
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Frames◦ Perspectives◦ Topography of your mind◦ Reference points◦ Mutually Shared?
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Mind Mapping – ◦ A mind map is a diagram used to represent
words, ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea.
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Mind Mapping – ◦ A mind map is a diagram used to represent
words, ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea.
DOG
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Mind Mapping – ◦ A mind map is a diagram used to represent words,
ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea.
DOG
Pavlov
Hunting
Pet
Working
sheds
Breed
MeatPolice dog
Retriever
Dirty
Lab Animal
Cultural
Poodle
Guide dog
SPCA
BBQ Trained
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Idioms◦ An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be
determined by the literal definition of the phrase itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use.
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Idioms◦ An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be
determined by the literal definition of the phrase itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use.
◦ An idiom is generally a colloquial metaphor— a term which requires some foundational knowledge, information, or experience, to use only within a culture where parties must have common reference.
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Idioms◦ An idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be
determined by the literal definition of the phrase itself, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use.
◦ An idiom is generally a colloquial metaphor— a term which requires some foundational knowledge, information, or experience, to use only within a culture where parties must have common reference.
◦ Idioms are part of the language, more importantly they are part of the culture.
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English Idiom – Equivalent
Translation Pashto Idiom
د يو چا پښه پۀC پايڅه کې بندېدل
پرپزه مچ نۀC پرېښودل
بېلول ډانګ پۀ اوبۀ
لور پۀC لوټه تېرۀC کول
غږېدل خيټې مړې لۀ
ۍپۀC غوړيو کې خول غورځېدل
ښکر پۀC ښکر کېدل
اوبۀC لۀC سره تېرېدل
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English Idiom – Equivalent
Translation Pashto Idiom
One’s own foot is stuck in one’s pants[to be busy with one’s own problems]
د يو چا پښه پۀC پايڅه کې بندېدل
Not to let a fly on one’s nose[to get angry quickly; not to tolerate anything]
پرپزه مچ نۀC پرېښودل
To separate water with a bat[to attempt to do something impossible]
بېلول ډانګ پۀ اوبۀ
To sharpen the sickle with a mud crumbles[to make up false excuses in order to get out of an obligation]
لور پۀC لوټه تېرۀC کول
To talk with full stomach[not to have empathy; to be detached from the reality]
غږېدل خيټې مړې لۀ
One’s hat falls into oil[to hit a fortune]
ۍپۀC غوړيو کې خول غورځېدل
To become horn to horn[to engage in a fight] ښکر پۀC ښکر کېدل
Water rises above one’s head[to be too late to (take action)] اوبۀC لۀC سره تېرېدل
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English Idiom – Equivalent
Translation Pashto Idiom
Go it alone One’s own foot is stuck in one’s pants[to be busy with one’s own problems]
د يو چا پښه پۀC پايڅه کې بندېدل
Fly off the handle, blew his top, Not to let a fly on one’s nose[to get angry quickly; not to tolerate anything]
پرپزه مچ نۀC پرېښودل
Thread a camel through the eye of a needle, make a silk purse out of a sows ear, get blood from a turnip
To separate water with a bat[to attempt to do something impossible]
بېلول ډانګ پۀ اوبۀ
Talk in circles, To sharpen the sickle with a mud crumbles[to make up false excuses in order to get out of an obligation]
لور پۀC لوټه تېرۀC کول
Heart of stone, To talk with full stomach[not to have empathy; to be detached from the reality]
غږېدل خيټې مړې لۀ
Hit the jackpot, sitting pretty, the world is my oyster,
One’s hat falls into oil[to hit a fortune]
ۍپۀC غوړيو کې خول غورځېدل
Lock horns, duke it out, lay into them, catch a fade,
To become horn to horn[to engage in a fight] ښکر پۀC ښکر کېدل
Put it on ice, string them along, Water rises above one’s head[to be too late to (take action)] اوبۀC لۀC سره تېرېدل
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Resources:
Communication as a Cognitive Science Project
http://c-cs.us/ABOUT/%60about.html
English Idioms Beginning with ‘A’ http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/
idioms/a.html