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Why a Revolution:Examining the Causes of the Revolutionary War
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Proclamation Line of 1763
• Created partly to avoid further costly wars against Native Americans
• Largely ignorned by American colonists, particularly Virginians
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Britain Imposed Taxes
• In 1764 the British for the 1st time imposed a series of taxes on the colonists to offset the costs of maintaining troops in the colonies.
• The official name was the American Revenue Act, but was popularly referred to as the Sugar Act.
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No Taxation without Representation: The Stamp Act
• Imposed in 1765
• Taxed all legal documents (including newspapers)
• Colonists were so enraged that several colonies vowed not to import goods until the tax was repealed
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Patriots: The Sons of Liberty
• A secret organization formed to fight British oppression as a reaction to the Stamp Act
• Members included very prominent members of society, such as Sam Adams (the cousin of John Adams)
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Townshend Acts Imposed• In 1767 Prime Minister of
England, Charles Townshend, convinced Parliament to pass a series of new taxes on the colonists.
• These laws included taxes on lead, paint, paper, glass and tea.
• As a result of these Acts colonial officials, including governors and judges, would receive their salaries from the Crown.
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Response to the Townshend Acts:
Boycott
• In retaliation to the Townshend Acts the colonists boycotted imported British goods.
• Within a year importation from Britain dropped almost in half.
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British Troops Land in Boston
• In response to colonial protest and increasing attacks on colonial officials by the Sons of Liberty, 4,000 troops were dispatched, to restore order in Boston in 1768.
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The Boston Massacre
• On March 5, 1770, a crowd of sixty towns people began pelting snowballs at British guards.
• A shot rang out, and ultimately, 11 colonists were hit and five were dead.
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Colonial Victory:Most Townshend Acts
Repealed
• The British parliament repealed the Townshend duties on all imports but tea.
• Falling colonial imports and raising opposition convinced the British government that its policies were not working.
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The Boston Tea Party• Parliament passed the
Tea Act in 1774. The new act granted a monopoly on tea trade in the Americas to the East India Tea Company.
• The Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians and boarded three vessels docked in the harbor. And they threw 90,000 pounds of tea overboard in protest of British abuses.
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Coercive Acts Imposed• The British were shocked by the destruction of the
tea in Boston Harbor and other colonial protests.
• The British parliament imposed a series of acts that became known as the "Coercive Acts"; or the "Intolerable Acts” in 1774.
• These acts included:– The closing of the port of Boston. – The Royal governor took control of the
Massachusetts government.– Sheriffs & juries would become royal appointees.– The British took the right to quarter soldiers
anywhere.
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Due to Irreconcilable Differences
War Broke out April 19, 1775
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References• www.loc.gov/exhibits/ british/brit-2.html• www.educationplanet.com/articles/ american_revolution.html• www.cronab.demon.co.uk/br.htm• memory.loc.gov/ammem/gwhtml/ revolution.jpg• www.cvco.org/sigs/ reg64/intro.html• www.jastown.com/newprod/ bk-566.htm• www.clements.umich.edu/ dup/img-redo3/dc49.jpg• www.greenleafpress.com/reviews/ books000810.htm• www.hpssims.com/Pages/products/ 1776/1776.html• www.columbiagames.com/Products/
GamePlan/Liberty/liberty.htm• www.colonialmusic.org/ CDTape.htm• www.assumption.edu/ahc/ 1770s/default.html• www.liberty-tree.org/ltn/ american-revolution.html• www.ilssar.org/programs/ cover.jpg