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Which faith tradition do you think each verse came from?Buddhism (the Dhammapada)Christianity (the New Testament)Hinduism (the Baghavad Gita)Islam (the Qur’an)Judaism (the Torah)
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Question 1How can I have a son,” she said, “when no man has
touched me, nor am I sinful?” He said: “Thus will it be. Your Lord said: “It is easy for Me,” and that: “We shall make him a sign for men and a blessing from Us.” This is a thing already decreed.”
Qur’an: 19:20-21
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Question 2I am the Way and the Master who watches in
silence. Thy friend and thy shelter and thy abode of peace.
Bagavad Gita 9:18
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Question 3 Some time later God tested Abraham. He said to
him, “Abraham!” “Here I am,” he replied. Then God said, “Take your son, your only son, Isaac, whom you love, and go to the region of Moriah. Sacrifice him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains I will tell you about.”
Torah: Genesis 22:1-2
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Question 4 For hatred can never put an end to hatred.
Love alone can. This is an unalterable law.
Dhammapada 1:5
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Question 5It was also said, Anyone who divorces his wife must
give her a written notice of divorce. But now I tell you; if a man divorces his wife for any other cause other than her unfaithfulness, then he is guilty of making her commit adultery if she marries again and the man who marries her commits adultery also.
New Testament: Matthew 5:31
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Question 6On the first day of the seventh month hold a sacred
assembly and do no regular work. It is a day for you to sound the trumpets. As an aroma pleasing to the Lord, prepare a burnt offering of one young bull, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all without defect.
Torah: Numbers 29:1-2
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Question 7Go ye forth for the good of the many, the
welfare of the many, in compassion for the world. Proclaim the doctrine, glorious in the beginning, glorious in the middle, glorious in the end. Preach ye a life of holiness, perfect and pure
Dhammapada
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Question 8And any woman who prays or proclaims God’s
message in public worship with nothing on her head disgraces her husband; there is no difference between her and a woman whose head has been shaved. If the woman does not cover her head, she might as well cut her hair. And since it is a shameful thing for a woman to shave her head or cut her hair, she should cover her head.
New Testament: 1 Corinthians 11:5
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Question 9 And We said to Adam: “Both you and your
spouse live in the Garden, eat freely to your fill wherever you like, but approach not this tree or you will become transgressors.”
Qur’an: 2: 35-36
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Question 10Making a fair provision for women who are
divorced is the duty of those who are God-fearing and pious.
Qur’an 2:241
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Question 11 If a man commits adultery with another
man’s wife – with the wife of his neighbor – both the adulterer and the adulteress must be put to death.
Torah: Leviticus 20:10
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Question 12You tell them: “In all the commands revealed
to me I find nothing which men have been forbidden to eat except carrion and running blood and flesh of the swine for it is unclean.”
Qur’an: 6:145
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What is religion?Religions change and evolve over timeReligions are spread through interaction
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Cultural LandscapeThe cultural landscape reflects religious
preferences, by houses of worship, cemeteries, shrines, and statues
It is reflected in the sale of alcohol, dress, and personal habitsEx: Pakistan requires judges to wear a beard
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ReligionA system of beliefs and practices that
attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities
It determines how people “should” behaveIn some societies, religion determines
behaviors during waking hours, and even in sleep (some sleeping positions can be sinful)
Most religions have prayers and rituals
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RitualsRituals mark important events in people’s
livesBirthsDeathComing of ageMarriageCelebration of holidaysPrayer
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SecularismSome societies are predominantly secular, or
non-religiousEven then, religion seeps into art, history,
customs, beliefs, and even the calendarWhether secular or not, it is important to have
a basic understanding of religionReligion is one of the most complex and
controversial aspects of culture
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Diffusion of Religion
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Early ReligionsMost religions can be classified into one of
three broad groups:Monotheistic: belief in a single deityPolytheistic: belief in more than one deityAnimistic: belief that inanimate objects have
spirits
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History of ReligionUp until 3500 years ago, most religions were
polytheistic or animisticZoroastrianism was the first monotheistic
religion and laid the foundation for Judaism, Christianity, and IslamZoroastrianism is a religion and philosophy
based on the belief that there is a single all-powerful good god (Zoroastro), and there is also an evil being trying to destroy good
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Diffusion of MonotheismJudaism was the second (or first) great
monotheistic religionHowever, it was not until Christianity and
Islam emerged that monotheism spreadBy 500 BCE, there were four hearths of
religion:Greece (Greek Philosophy)India (Hinduism)Israel (Judaism)China (Chinese philosophies)
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Religions TodayChristianity and Islam have the highest
number of adherents (followers)Christianity has the largest number of
adherents, but Islam is the fastest growing religion
They are both influenced by Greek philosophy and Judaism
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World Distribution of Religions
Fig. 6-1: World religions by continent.