Which factors determine the way we look?Introduction to Genetics (DNA Basics)
Standard(s): BI5. a. Students know the general
structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.
BI1. d. Students know the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the flow of information from transcription of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus to translation of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Standard Explanations BI5.a. DNA-double helix-contain genetic
info, RNA-single-stranded, copy of a section of DNA, protein-make up many parts of the body
BI1.d. -DNA->mRNA->tRNA->proteins
ObjectivesSWBAT…•Explain the origin of new cells.•Describe the structure and function of
DNA.•Explain the genetic factors that influence
the way we look.•Recognize that DNA contains the genetic
information that determines the way we look
Review-The Cell Cycle-DNA is copied and the cell divides
Review-DNA contains the information to make more cells (in the nucleus).
(Review)What is the central dogma? The central dogma describes the flow of
information from DNA to RNA to proteins.
DNA Basics Double helix=twisted ladder Chromosomes=chains of DNA and
proteins. Contains your genetic info (instructions
to make proteins) Sequences of DNA=Genes Genes=codes for proteins=instructions
for traits
Structure of DNA 4 Nitrogenous Bases Adenine-Thymine (A-T) (steps) Cytosine-Guanine (C-G) (steps) Sugar-phosphate backbone (rungs) Nucleiotides-(smallest unit of DNA)
made of nitrogenous bases (steps), sugar-phosphate (rungs of ladder)
DNA If DNA contains the info to make cells,
and we are made of cells…then DNA determines our cellular and molecular make-up, which determines what we look like.
Why do we look like our parents, but not exactly like our parents?
Where does our DNA come from? ½ your DNA from your momma
½ your DNA from big poppa
Perfection!!!
Summary Questions What are the major events of the cell
cycle? What type of information is contained in
your genes? Describe the flow of information from
DNA to your traits. Where do you get your DNA from? How does the information in your genes
determine they way we look?