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What You Will Learn
Components of a computer’s system software
The importance of an operating system
Functions of an operating system
Types of user interfaces
Strengths and weaknesses of the most popular operating system
The six essential utilities
Data backup procedures
System Software: Keeping the computer running smoothly
Lesson 5
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What is system software?
All of the programs needed to keep the computer and it’s peripheral devices running smoothly
Two major categories:
Operating system (OS)
System utilities
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What is the purpose of the operating system (OS)?
Starting the computer
Managing programs
Distributing memory
Coordinates processor and peripheral devices
Enables user to interact with computer
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What happens when a computer starts?
Cold booting process begins when power is turned on
1. ROM loads BIOS (basic input output system) into computer’s memory
2. BIOS conducts a Power-on-self-test (POST) to check the input/output system for operability
3. BIOS searches for OS; Settings in the CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) determine where to look for OS
4. OS’s kernel ( essential OS components) are loaded into memory from storage
5. OS takes control of the computer
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What happens when the OS takes control?
1. The system is configured from the OS registry
2. Drivers and utility programs are loaded into memory
3. System utilities ( volume control, antivirus software, etc) are loaded into memory
4. Authentication or user login occurs
5. User interface begins, enabling user interaction with computer programs
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What is a user interface?
The part of the operating system that enables the user to interact with it
Two types of user interfaces:
Command-line- Requires the user to type keywords or commands to enter data or give instructions
Graphical user interface (GUI)- Uses a graphics environment made up of objects, icons, buttons and menus; User is able to use a pointing device (mouse, joy stick, etc) or keyboard to enter data and issue commands
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Types of User interfaces
Command-line Graphical user interface
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What are the different types of OS’s?
Single- tasking- Only one application program runs at a time; Must close one program before starting another
MS DOS
PC DOS
Multitasking- Many programs running at the same time; User may switch between programs at anytime
Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000, ME, CE and XP
Mac OS
UNIX
LINUX
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Types of Operating Systems
MS-DOS
WINDOWS XPMAC OS
LINUXUNIX
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What is multitasking?
Ability of the operating system to run more than one application program at a time
Accomplished by:
Foreground application- Active program or program in use
Background application- Inactive programs or programs not in use
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Multitasking
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How does the OS manage memory?
Allocates memory area for each running program; Keeps programs from interfering with each other
Uses virtual memory as an extension of RAM; Pages of data and instructions are swapped between RAM and the hard drive if RAM is full
Works with direct memory access (DMA) controller to permit peripherals access to RAM
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Managing Virtual Memory
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How does the OS handle input and output?
The OS monitors input/output devices through interrupt handlers
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UNIX Developed by AT&T in 1970’s
First preemptive multitasking system
Developed concept of file management and path names
Client/server networking system
Widely used by corporations
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MS-DOS
Developed for IBM PCs in 1981
Uses command-line interface
Use is diminishing
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MAC OS
First to use graphical user interface in 1984
Easiest operating system for beginners
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Windows 3.X Includes Windows 3.0, 3.1, 3.11 and Windows for Workgroups 3.1
Not a true operating system
Uses cooperative multitasking
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Windows 95 and 98
Windows 95
True operating system
Uses preemptive multitasking
Downward compatible with DOS
Considered a transitional system
Windows 98 Improved version of Windows 95 More stable than Windows 95
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Windows CE
System used in PDAs or palmtops
Runs simplified versions of windows programs
Data can be transferred to PCs
Includes handwriting and speech recognition
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Windows NT and 2000 Windows NT
Designed for client/server systems
Two components:
• Windows NT Workstation
• Windows NT Server
Oriented to business needs
Offers security, remote administration, directory services and web server
Windows 2000
Updated version of Windows NT
• Windows 2000 Professional
• Windows 2000 Server
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Windows 2000
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Windows ME
Improved version of Windows 98
Designed for home users
Support for home computer networks
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Windows XP Replaces all previous versions of Windows
Three versions:
Windows XP Home Edition
Windows XP Professional
Windows XP Server
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Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005
Includes all of the updates since 2002
Experience more of the photos, music, television, movies, and games you want in any room of your home
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Linux
Developed in 1991 by UNIX
Competes with Windows and MAC
Powerful and Free
Growing fast in acceptance
Uses Apache web server
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What are system utilities?
Programs that help the operating system manage the computer system’s resources
Types of utilities:
File management
File finders
Backup utilities
Antivirus software
File compression
Disk scanning
File defragmentation
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What are file management utilities? Known as a file manager
Enables the user to perform various tasks with files, folders, and directories on storage devices
Tasks include:
Creating folders
Saving, deleting, copying and moving files and folders
Examining the contents of files
Launching application programs
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What are file finders?
A program that enables the user to find files on a storage device
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What are backup utilities?
A program that enables the user to copy data from the hard disk to another storage medium
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What is antivirus software?
A program that protects the computer from computer viruses
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What is a file compression utility?
A program that reduces the size of a file and combine multiple files and folders into one file
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What is a disk scanning utility?
A program that detects and fixes physical and logical problems on storage devices
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What is a file defragmentation utility?
A program that moves data on a storage device to improve performance
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THE
END