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WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?
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Most people think
geography is just about
simply knowing
where things are on a map.
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BUT . . . does it make a
difference where things are located?
If the answer is “YOU BET IT DOES!” that is
when geographers want to investigate!
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Geographers study the WHY of
the WHERE.
BIG IDEA
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MAP FUNDAMENTALS
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Map-Making – Geography is more than just maps!
CARTOGRAPHY
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“All maps lie flat, and all flat maps lie.”
• Information left ___(off)•Size•Color
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MAP PROJECTIONS
Lesson 7 – Unit 2
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Map Projection
Flat Surface
Geoid
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No three-dimensional shape can be transformed to two-dimensional shape without losing some detail or distorting some features:DISTANCESHAPEAREADIRECTION
Distortion
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Accurate compass directionDistorts the area of landmassesWorks well for ocean navigation – distance is true everywhere on the map
Mercator Projection
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Accurate sizes of landmassesControversial – why?
Peter Projection
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Maintains accurate size and shape of landmassesCompletely rearranges direction – no cardinal directions
Fuller Projection
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Does not maintain accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but minimizes errors – Used in most classrooms
Robinson Projection
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TYPES of MAPS
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Isoline Map
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Thematic Map
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Choropleth Map
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Reference Map
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Cartogram
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Proportional –Symbols Map
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Mental Map
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Cartographic Scale
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