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What is an Airspace Concept?Module 4
European Airspace Concept Workshops for PBN Implementation
Speaker NameSpeaker title
date
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Airspace Concept Workshop 2
OverviewLearning Objectives: At the end of this presentation you should:
– Understand what the purpose of an airspace concept is and how it should drive any successful implementation
This presentation will discuss:– What is an Airspace Concept?– Why develop it?– Who develops it?– What do they need to develop it?– What does it look like?– After the Airspace Concept is developed, then what?
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Airspace Concept Workshop 3
Components of PBN Concept
NavigationApplication
NAVAIDInfrastructure
NavigationSpecification
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Airspace Concept Workshop 4
RNAV RNAV XX RNP RNP XX RNP RNP descriptordescriptor
RNAV RNAV XX RNP RNP XX
PBN Concept Review
NavigationApplication
NAVAIDInfrastructure
NavigationSpecification
Ground-basedor
Space-based
NAV System Perf.
Use of NI & NS
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Airspace Concept Workshop 5
PBN in Context:
COM NAV SUR ATM
PBNPBNNavigation
SpecificationNAVAID
Infrastructure
NavigationApplication
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Airspace Concept Workshop 6
Navigation in Context
AirTrafficMgt
CNS/ATM
CommunicationsNavigation
Surveillance
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Airspace Concept Workshop 7
What is an Airspace Concept? A master plan or schema of the intended airspace
design and its operation– Describes the intended operations within an airspace – Developed to satisfy explicit and implicit strategic
objectives (e.g. improved safety, increased air traffic capacity, improved efficiency, mitigation of environmental impact)
A fully developed Airspace Concept:– Describes in detail the planned airspace organization and
its operations – Addresses all of the strategic objectives identified for the
airspace project– Addresses all CNS/ATM enablers – Identifies operational and technical assumptions
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Airspace Concept Workshop 8
Context of an Airspace Concept:Strategic Goals (Expected Benefits)
COM NAV SUR ATM
Safety Capacity Efficiency Environment Access
NavigationSpecification
NAVAIDInfrastructure
NavigationApplication
RNPRNP XXXXRNAVRNAV
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Airspace Concept Workshop 9
Strategic Objectives
Operational Requirements
Implementation Objectives
IncreaseCapacity
Reduce Environmental
Impact
IncreaseFlight
Efficiency
IncreaseSafety on Approach
Increase Access
Addition of a new runway
Translation of Strategic Objectives
Design new RNP SIDs/STARs for new runway and
adapt existing ATS route network to
PBN
Avoid noise sensitive areas
at night
Design of RNP SIDs/STARswith CCO and
CDO
Use airspace users on-
board capabilities
Develop ATS route network
based on Advanced RNP
Improve vertical profile
enabling stabilised
approaches
IntroduceRNP APCH
Provide alternative to conventional
NPA
DevelopRNP APCHprocedures
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Airspace Concept Workshop 10
Why develop an Airspace Concept?
The development of an Airspace Concept provides a structured and systematic way of determining– What is to be achieved in an airspace, and
– How it will be achieved
Development process helps ensure – Goals (expected benefits) of planned airspace structure
are clearly stated;
– Objectives of the airspace change are met; and
– the means chosen to achieve those benefits are appropriate to the goals as well as feasible within the resources available to the particular airspace system
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Airspace Concept Workshop 11
Airspace Concept
11
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Airspace Concept Workshop 12
Once the Airspace Concept is developed, what’s next? Lay out a detailed program plan for the specific
implementation(s) in the Airspace Concept ICAO sample action plans (domain-specific and
comprehensive)– Consider just as a starting point – Adapt as needed to the specific circumstances of a project – Steps not always conducted in strict sequence– Certain steps may be conducted on a recurring basis as
the project progresses– Steps and the sequence in which they are performed in
the project should be evaluated by the implementation team on the basis of experience and judgment
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Airspace Concept Workshop 13
Knowledge, proactive, dedicated, sound understanding of ATM and airspace organization, with support from all participating stakeholders
Who implements the Airspace Concept? A team effort by representatives of various organizations and technical
specialties Particular composition of the team depends on the scale and nature of the
project– A simple airspace concept (e.g. a SID, STAR and IAP) would have experts from
ANSP (including PANS OPS procedure designer) civil aviation regulator airport operator operators’ representative
– A more extensive Airspace Concept ( e.g. new runway, plan for terminal and en route airspace) could also include safety management system experts simulation studies experts additional operator representatives environmental personnel
Team lead - usually an airspace planner or knowledgeable ANSP air traffic manager- Not a hard and fast rule. The fundamental requirement is for the task are:
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Airspace Concept Workshop 14
Airspace Design Team
Airspace Concept development requires the combined efforts of – Air Navigation Service
Providers;
– Regulators; and
– System Users
To Do What?
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Airspace Concept Workshop 15
1. Identify and Prioritise strategic objectives
Safety? Capacity? Environment?Efficiency? Access?
Implementation Team Initial Tasks
CNS/ATM3. Address enablers
4. Identify technical/operational assumptions
2. Develop the target airspace design
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Airspace Concept Workshop 16
Airspace Concept
16
Airspace Design based on assumptions that all aircraft equipped with NDB/VOR and/or
DME and airspace designed on those assumptions.
Conventional Navigation
Airspace Design must, in all cases match....
PBN
Airspace Design based on assumptions that 'RNAV equipped' aircraft can use RNAV
routes. Exceptionally, Nav Spec required e.g. RNP 4.
RNAV (pre-PBN)
(a)Aircraft fleet
approval, which must match...
+
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Airspace Concept Workshop 17
What does the team need to implement an Airspace concept (1)? TIME – to explore the needs of the various stakeholders, reach
agreement on goals, identify current ground and airborne equipment limitations, conduct traffic flow analyses, etc
MONEY – Costs may include (but are not limited to) – education and training (regulators, operators, ATC, procedure
designers, etc), – establishment and sustainment of robust airworthiness,
operations approvals, data quality techniques, – changes to ATC automation, flight validation, possibly new
NAVAIDS (DMEs), etc TOOLS - design and modeling tools to support the design, validation
and assessment of the present (“reference scenario”) and plannedAirspace Concept
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Airspace Concept Workshop 18
What does the team need to implement an Airspace Concept (2)? CONOPS
– Overarching plan covers: CNS/ATM
Supports strategic objectives of airspace concept
Ensures buy in from all parties
Enables systemization of TMA
– Strategy on how to handle traffic
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Airspace Concept Workshop 19
What does it look like?
An Airspace Concept can be in any document format
Maintain configuration control!
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Airspace Concept Workshop 20
What is the most critical point in implementing an Airspace Concept? The most critical part of developing an airspace
concept is setting the appropriate objectives and scope of the project
Enables the project team to remain focused and the budget to be managed within the set time
• Most projects which fail to meet the intended goal do so because of poorly defined scope and objectives.
– Beware of project creep!
• Most projects which fail to meet the intended goal do so because of poorly defined scope and objectives.
– Beware of project creep!
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Airspace Concept Workshop 21
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Airspace Concept Workshop 22
Components of PBN Concept
NavigationSpecification
International NS in Volume II of PBN ManualInternational NS in Volume II of PBN Manual
Designation RNAV 10
For Oceanic and Remote Continental navigation
applications
DesignationRNAV 5RNAV 2RNAV 1
For En Route & Terminal navigation applications
DesignationRNP 4
For Oceanic & Remote Continental navigation
applications
Designation
RNP 1
RNP AR APCHfor various phases
of flight
RNP 2
A-RNPRNP 0.3
RNP APCH
DesignationRNP with additional requirements to be
determined (e.g. 3D, 4D etc)
*
*
RNP SPECIFICATIONSRNP SPECIFICATIONS RNAV SPECIFICATIONSRNAV SPECIFICATIONS
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Airspace Concept Workshop 23
What's new with PBN
23
Airspace Design based on assumptions that all aircraft equipped with NDB/VOR and/or DME and airspace designed on
those assumptions.
Conventional Navigation
Airspace Design must, in all cases match....
PBN
Airspace Design based on assumptions that 'RNAV equipped' aircraft can use
RNAV routes. Exceptionally, Nav Spec required e.g. RNP 4.
RNAV (pre-PBN)
(a)Aircraft fleet
approval, which must match...
+
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Airspace Concept Workshop 24
Increase number of ATS
routes to reduce
congestion; accommodate
projected growth
Capacity
Reduce delays that result from excessive
“leveling off”flight profiles
EfficiencyCommunications
VHF? HF? Two Way?
NavigationNAVAIDs?
– Primary/Reversionary?Aircraft and Operator Capabilities?
SurveillanceRadar? Non-Radar?
Air Traffic ManagementATC Procedures? Workload? Automation?
Address Enablers
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Airspace Concept Workshop 25
Safety
Reduce Controlled Flight Into Terrain via lateral &
vertical course guidance to
runway
RNP APCH(APV Baro/SBAS)
to replace conventional NDB
NPA
Capacity
Increase number of air
traffic routes to reduce
congestion; accommodate
projected growth
Parallel A-RNP with FRT ATS
routes between cities
Efficiency
Reduce delays that result from excessive
“leveling off”flight profiles
RNAV-1 SID that allows continuous climb to en-
route
Environment
Reduce noise over sensitive
area
RNP APCH with RF or RNP (AR) APCH providing guided curved approach or
missed approach segments
Access
Improve airport and
airspace access in all
weather conditions
RNP APCH(APV Baro/SBAS)
allowing lower minima
Objectives to Implementation
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Airspace Concept Workshop 26
Increase number of ATS
routes to reduce
congestion; accommodate
projected growth
Capacity
Reduce delays that result from excessive
“leveling off”flight profiles
EfficiencyTraffic
In/Out/TransitIFR/VFR/Military
Runway in UsePrimary
Secondary
Aircraft NavEquipage
Aircraft PerformanceSpeeds / Climb / Descent
Agree Assumptions
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Airspace Concept Workshop 27
IDENTIFY KNOWNIDENTIFY KNOWN TRAFFIC FLOWSTRAFFIC FLOWS
DETERMINEDETERMINE PLACEMENTPLACEMENTFOR SIDS/STARSFOR SIDS/STARS
INCLUDEINCLUDE SPECIAL TECHNIQUESSPECIAL TECHNIQUESe.g. CDO, CCD & POINT MERGEe.g. CDO, CCD & POINT MERGE
FIND GOODFIND GOOD CROSSINGCROSSINGPOINTSPOINTS
BUILD AIRSPACEBUILD AIRSPACEVOLUME & SECTORISEVOLUME & SECTORISE
Increase number of ATS
routes to reduce
congestion; accommodate
projected growth
Capacity
Reduce delays that result from excessive
“leveling off”flight profiles
Efficiency
Design the Airspace
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Airspace Concept Workshop 28
Thank you
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OPS CONCEPTS
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Airspace Concept Workshop 30
OBJECTIVE
This module will provide an overview of a concept of operations (CONOPS)
Provide examples of different CONOPS
Provide generic understanding of the purpose and need to develop a CONOPS in support of a PBN Airspace concept
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Airspace Concept Workshop 31
Current Airspace – Complexity
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Airspace Concept Workshop 32
What is a CONOPS?
Overarching plan covers:– CNS/ATM
– Supports strategic objectives airspace concept
– Ensures buy in from all parties
– Enables systemisation of TMA
Strategy on how to handle traffic
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Airspace Concept Workshop 33
Why a CONOPS?
Without CONOPS:– Risk to have only a nice airspace design– No Predictability– No Uniform handling of traffic– no planning– No benefits from PBN– No awareness of developments of trends– Less means to analyse trends
Traffic spreads New conflict areas Capacity issues
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Airspace Concept Workshop 34
Controllers vs Engineers
Controllers– Conservative
– Reluctant to change
– RV ‘rules’
Engineers– Not conservative
– Embrace change
– Always in detailed level
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Airspace Concept Workshop 35
Poor Examples
TMA redesign with AMAN –(US)
New sectorisation (en route) – (EU)
Combining tasks – (EU)
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Airspace Concept Workshop 36
Good Examples
London TMA re-design
Atlanta RNAV departures
What about your experiences in this?
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Airspace Concept Workshop 37
Skills and Proficiency
Pilot– System managers– Special skills trained on flight sim
Controller– RV mainly– Afraid losing skill
– Is there a resemblance ;-)
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Airspace Concept Workshop 38
TMA 2010+
Advanced arrival manager
Monitoring tool
Speed and level advice to controllers
Allows CDAs in peak hours
Requires support from ACC
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Airspace Concept Workshop 39
Sequencing and Metering
Present strategy relies on aircraft stacks to maximise landing rates
Sequencing and metering is the responsibility of the controller and does not usually take account of AO preferences or priorities
Future operational concept aims to minimise delay while optimising the available airport resources to the full
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Airspace Concept Workshop 40
Concept
At 1:– Aircraft becomes
eligible for AMAN
At 2:– Controller will be
provided with active advisories
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Airspace Concept Workshop 41
Concept (2)
At 3:
– Common Path Protection may be provided
At 4:
– Common Path Protection will be provided
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Airspace Concept Workshop 42
Re-sequencing Criteria
Re-sequencing adjustment– Aircraft cannot meet the scheduled landing time
– Changed demand for arrival and departure slots
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Airspace Concept Workshop 43
Distributed Processing
Unit C(Full AMAN)Determine Optimised SequenceDetermine need for delayProvide data upstreamProvide controller advisories
Unit AReceive delay data (ASC)Provide controller advisories
Unit BReceive delay data (ASC)Provide controller advisoriesProvide data upstream
Eligible forAMAN
Eligible foractive advisories
COP-1
COP-2
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Airspace Concept Workshop 44
Delay Sharing
COP2
ETO 1414
ETO 1426
ETO 1438
ETO 1416
ETO 1431
ETO 1448
+2 mins
+3 mins +5 mins
COP1
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Airspace Concept Workshop 45
AMAN-P
Monitoring functionality (MONA-P)
Compares the actual progress of the flight against its proposed trajectory
If discrepancies occur, the system will generate active controller advisories
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Airspace Concept Workshop 46
AMAN-P
AMAN-P HMI
Landing list
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Airspace Concept Workshop 47
AMAN-P
AMAN-P HMI
Controllers advisory in label zero line
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Airspace Concept Workshop 48
Flight Profile (Baseline)
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Airspace Concept Workshop 49
Flight Profile (RNAV1)
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Airspace Concept Workshop 50
Flight Profile (RNAV1 + AMAN-P)
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Airspace Concept Workshop 51
Point Merge System (PMS)
51
Merge point
Sequencing legs
Envelope of possible paths
Arrival flow
Arrival flow
Integrated sequence
(each leg arcs the same distance from
the merge point) Point Merge System - example with two inbound flows
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Airspace Concept Workshop 52
Scenario “Talk-Through” (1/5)
Scenario “talk-through” for Grey, Green, Gold and Blue aircraft
STRUCTURE
AB
M
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Airspace Concept Workshop 53
Scenario “Talk-Through” (2/5)
2
Initial situation with a busy flow of traffic to the merge point
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Airspace Concept Workshop 54
Scenario “talk-through” (3/5)
3
Grey heavy jet cleared direct to the merge point.Controller determines when to issue the “Direct to merge point”
instruction to the Gold aircraft to ensure that the requiredWTC spacing behind the preceding aircraft will be achieved.
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Airspace Concept Workshop 55
Scenario “Talk-Through” (4/5)
4
Controller issues the “Turn left direct to merge point” instructionto the Gold aircraft using the range ring arcs to assessthe appropriate WTC spacing from the Grey aircraft.
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Airspace Concept Workshop 56
Scenario “Talk-Through” (5/5)
5
The same technique is repeated for the Green aircraft and subsequently for the Blue aircraft once the Green aircraft passes
the next ‘Range Ring’
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Airspace Concept Workshop 57
Configurations Tested (1/2)
Straight sequencing legs Segmented sequencing legs
3 flows, with 2 sequencing legs of same direction Dissociated sequencing legs
Merge point
Merge point
Common point
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Airspace Concept Workshop 58
Configurations Tested (2/2)IAF 2
FAF
IAF 1
IAF 3 IAF 4
IAF 2
FAF
IAF 1
IAF 3 IAF 4
IAF 2
FAF
IAF 1
IAF 3
IAF 4
IAF 2
FAF
IAF 1
IAF 3
IAF 4
IAF 2
FAF1
IAF 1
IAF 3
IAF 4FAF2
IAF 2
FAF1
IAF 1
IAF 3
IAF 4FAF2
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Airspace Concept Workshop 59
Example with 36 arrivals per hour on each runway
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Airspace Concept Workshop 60
Point Merge - Norway
60
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Airspace Concept Workshop 61
THANK YOUTHANK YOU