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What is a Runway Incursion?
Any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing, or intending to land.
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Types of Runway Incursions Vehicle or Pedestrian Deviations Operational Errors Operational Deviations Pilot Deviations
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Dangerous Trends?
0
50
100
150
200
250
3001993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
VPD'sOE/ODPD's
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Who gets involved? Day VMC
– General Aviation (non commercial) pilots
Night or IMCControllersCorporate PilotsAir Carrier Pilots
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Factors that contribute to incursions.
Pride Awareness Airport Signage Aircraft Lighting Communications Ground Navigation Internal Procedures Failure to comply expeditiously
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Pride The unwillingness to accept that
you have made an error or that you need help can be a major source of embarrassing episodes but can also lead to tragedy.
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Awareness Know what is going on around
you. Listen to all communications Be aware of unusual situations Are you really ready?
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Internal ProceduresSome airlines have a
checklist performed when an aircraft is cleared for takeoff or when told to taxi into position and hold.
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Airport signage The Aeronautical Information Manual
(AIM) now has color examples of airport signage. Without this knowledge, it may be very confusing as to the route you must take.
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Aircraft lighting
Be conspicuous Busy airports and surrounding
lighting. Worried about saving money on
equipment. Runways
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Communications
Two way radio communications Importance of understanding Busy times and readback Language
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Ground navigation Just as you use a
chart in flying IFR or VFR to your destination, you should use an airport diagram to navigate on the airport.
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Failure to comply expeditiously
LAHSO
Same runway operations
Crossing runway operations
without LAHSO
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RUNWAY INCURSION RUNWAY INCURSION ANIMATIONANIMATION
ACTION!ACTION!
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Air Transat 545
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Air Transat 545
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Air Transat 545
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
Air Transat 545
N733H
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
Air Transat 545
N733H
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
Air Transat 545
N733H
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
Air Transat 545
N733H
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
N733H
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
N733H
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
N733H
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
N733H
N4CS
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
N4CS
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
N4CS
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Orlando Int’l Airport
Comair 5053
Spirit 750
N4CS
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ANY QUESTIONSANY QUESTIONS
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I Have Some For You!!!I Have Some For You!!!
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You are at Orlando International and ready for takeoff on runway 18R. You call the tower advising that you are ready and the tower replies, Cutlass niner three four six Delta, Orlando Tower, hold short runway one eight right, traffic heavy Boeing seven forty seven, one mile final. How should you acknowledge this?
You are at Orlando International and ready for takeoff on runway 18R. You call the tower advising that you are ready and the tower replies, Cutlass niner three four six Delta, Orlando Tower, hold short runway one eight right, traffic heavy Boeing seven forty seven, one mile final. How should you acknowledge this?
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A. Cutlass four six Delta, roger.
B. Cutlass four six Delta, holding short.
C. No reply is necessary.
D. Cutlass four six Delta, I can take an immediate departure.
E. None of the above.
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A. Cutlass four six Delta, roger.
B. Cutlass four six Delta, holding short.
C. No reply is necessary.
D. Cutlass four six Delta, I can take an immediate departure.
E. None of the above.
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Even though answer “B” seems to be correct, the controller handbook specifies that controllers must request a read back of runway hold short instructions when it is not received from the pilot. If you use answer “B”, the controller may accept it because of frequency congestion, but then carefully watch you to make sure you don’t move. So, it is best to state the runway in reading back those instructions.
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What does this sign mean?
A. The boundary of the ILS protection area
B. Railroad crossing
ahead
C. Area on ramp to
designate a Pedestrian
crossing ahead D. The boundary of the
runway protected area
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What does this sign mean?
A. The boundary of the ILS protection area
B. Railroad crossing
ahead
C. Area on ramp to
designate a Pedestrian
crossing ahead D. The boundary of the
runway protected area
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You call for taxi instructions from the west ramp at Orlando Executive Airport. Ground control says, “November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five, taxi via Golf, Juliett and Alpha, hold short of runway one three”. How should you respond?
You call for taxi instructions from the west ramp at Orlando Executive Airport. Ground control says, “November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five, taxi via Golf, Juliett and Alpha, hold short of runway one three”. How should you respond?
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A. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five, taxi via Golf, Juliett and Alpha.
B. November zero Golf Oscar, hold short of runway one three.
C. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five
D. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five, hold short of runway one three
E. Nothing, because the controller doesn’t know what he is talking about.
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A. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five, taxi via Golf, Juliett and Alpha.
B. November zero Golf Oscar, hold short of runway one three.
C. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five
D. November zero Golf Oscar, runway two five, hold short of runway one three
E. Nothing, because the controller doesn’t know what he is talking about.
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You may think that answer “E” is correct but actually answer “D” is the most correct. Pilots must state their assigned takeoff runway and any runway hold short instructions.
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What does this sign mean?
A. Coming up to the intersection of Taxiway Bravo
B. Only big airplanes
allowed
C. Designated Bird
Sanctuary D. You are on Taxiway
Bravo
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What does this sign mean?
A. Coming up to the intersection of Taxiway Bravo
B. Only big airplanes
allowed
C. Designated Bird
Sanctuary D. You are on Taxiway
Bravo
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You are flying a C172 into a busy airport. The controller instructed you to follow a PA32 on a two mile final and you that you are cleared to land. When you are short final, you notice that the PA32 has missed the first taxiway and has a few hundred feet to go to the next taxiway that is 5,000 ft. down the runway. The tower is very busy, there is constant chatter on the frequency and you can’t get a word in . What should you do?
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A. Key up your microphone until everyone is tired of the squealing and quits talking.
B. Transmit on the emergency frequency to the tower to verify landing clearance.
C. Go around
D. Overfly the PA32 and then land on the remaining length.
E. Continue to land
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A. Key up your microphone until everyone is tired of the squealing and quits talking.
B. Transmit on the emergency frequency to the tower to verify landing clearance.
C. Go around
D. Overfly the PA32 and then land on the remaining length.
E. Continue to land
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Yes, it is possible and legal to have more than one aircraft on the runway at the same time. There are many rules that say when this can happen but that is the controllers job….to know when the appropriate separation minimums exist. If they are not, then you will hear that phrase,“GO AROUND”
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What does this sign mean?
A. You are on RWY 4-22
B. You have 4 thousand,
220 ft. to go to the runway
C. This is the hold short
point for runway 4-22 D. Maintenance forgot to
take the sign down after April 22nd.
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What does this sign mean?
A. You are on RWY 4-22
B. You have 4 thousand,
220 ft. to go to the runway
C. This is the hold short
point for runway 4-22 D. Maintenance forgot to
take the sign down after April 22nd.
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What can you do to help?What can you do to help?
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Review airport layouts as part of preflight planning, during cruise, before descent and while taxiing.
Know and understand airport signage.
Read back all runway crossing and/or hold short instructions.
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Review NOTAMS for runway/taxiway closures and construction notices.
Request progressive taxi instructions when unsure of the taxi route.
Check traffic before entering any runway or taxiway.
When calling tower for takeoff clearance from an intersection, always state which intersection you are at.
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Turn on aircraft lights while taxiing. Clear the active runway on rollout as
quickly as possible, then wait for taxi instructions before further movement.
Study and use proper phraseology found in the Aeronautical Information Manual when responding to radio instructions.
Visit a control tower.
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For more informationFor more information
Try AOPA on the internet at– www.aopa.org
Aeronautical Information Manual
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For more informationFor more information
Runway Safety Program– http://www.faarsp.org/
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QUESTIONS ?QUESTIONS ?
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I hope you enjoyed this!I hope you enjoyed this!
Comments or compliments may be sent to:
Orlando International Tower
Attn: Craig Chandler
9399 Airport Blvd.
Orlando, Florida 32827-4335,
or by e-mail at
The period between the name is required!
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I hope you enjoyed this!I hope you enjoyed this!
Any negative comments may be sent to:
Orlando International Tower
c/o Rick Crose
9399 Airport Blvd.
Orlando, Florida 32827 -4335,
or by e-mail at
[email protected] The period between the name is required!
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU