Sustainability requires that we think about the following
• How do changes happen in collective worldviews and practices?
• What are the connections between micro- and macro-levels in terms of fostering such changes?
• What role does technological innovation play in fostering such changes?
• How can we get the economics “right?”• Is it possible to “normalize” sustainable practices
and behaviors?
1. Raise prices & change incentives
In a “free market,” prices are a function of scarcity & demand: how can things be made “more scarce?”
3. Reduce resource intensity through technological
innovation
Even innovations have material requirements, and there need to be incentives to incorporate innovations into daily life—and what about those who cannot afford such innovations?
4. Change preferences through peer pressure & media
Consumer preferences are flighty and changeable—and depend on what the market offers them
5. Pass legislation & enforce the law
Do laws precede or follow changes in norms, beliefs and practices? And what if laws result in unfair or perverse results?