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COMM-125 Introduction to Journalism
Section 1- Language of instruction English
Wednesdays 15:00-18:00
Venue: NEWTON Amphitheatre
Lecture no. 2
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The first American
newspaper, entitled:
Publ ick Occurrences
Both Forre ign and
Domest ick,
was published on
September 25, 1690,in Boston, Massachusetts
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by Richard Pierce (publisher and
owner) and
Benjamin Harris (editor),
who had previously published anewspaper in London.
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The paper was intended to be published
monthly,
"or, if any Glut of Occurrences happen,
oftener",
contained four six by ten inch pages, and
filled only three of them.
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No second edition was printed,
as the paper was shut down by the
British colonial authorities on
September 29th, 1690.
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The first Cypriot newspaper, entitled:
-Cyprus,
was published on
August 29, 1878, in Larnaka
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by Theodoulos F. Konstantinidis
(publisher, owner and editor)
who had previously published one
newspaper, with the name Cairo, and
one magazine with the title Efterpi, in
Alexandria Egypt, where he lived and
worked as a school teacher.
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Theodoulos F. Konstantinidis(1847-1900)
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The paper was intended to be
published once a week, i.e.
, as a weekly journal of
agriculture and commerce,
contained four 4730cm four-column
pages and was bilingual (2 Greekpages and 2 English ones).
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Due to the obvious differences
between the two issues,
like the subheading and the fact thatthe page numbers were not in
sequence,
you get the impression that they were
two different papers in the package of
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Even though the number of issues
published still remains unknown,
yet the paper was bought off by the
English company Henry S. King & Co.
and
finally closed due to financial
difficulties.
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Similarities:
Ferguson and Patten, in their co-
publication Journalism Today, say the
following on p. 10: In those [first] days,
newspapers that attempted to criticize
the government were guilty of sedition[treason], the stirring of rebellion.
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So during the first steps of the
American press/journalism there was
no freedom of expression, at least tothe extent that exists today.
There was also censorship.
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The same applied in the Cypriot case.
So this is the first similarity,
by the same oppressor:
the British colonial
government/administration
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Another similarity is the language.
Old Anglo-Saxon English on the one
hand (publick, foreign, domestick.
oftener) and
old, literary (katharevoosa) Greek
()
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A third similarity is that the press in
both countries, at its beginnings,
was inciting rebellion,
which brings us to the biggest, if notthe only, difference between the two:
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In America the press incited a rebellion
for FULL independence
In Cyprus, the Greek language press,
incited a rebellion for independence
from one administration (the
English/British) and become part(unify) of another administration (the
Greek)
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The press voices for FULL
independence (autonomy) of Cyprus at
the time were marginal.
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The first paper in the old Turkish
(Ottoman) language with Arabic
alphabet with the name mit (Hope),
was published in Larnaka in 1880
by the Armenian Alexan Sarafian
(owner) and Henry S. King & Co.(publisher).
It circulated only five issues.
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The second newspaper was Dik-El-
Shark (Rooster of the East), which
was published also by Sarafian on 16
June 1889,
while the first newspaper with a Turkish
owner, under the name Sadet (Issue),was published in Nicosia on July 11
1889.
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It was a weekly and the owner of it was
Kasap Ali Mehmet Emin Efendi.
After that came Zaman (Time), a
prominent, influential and important
Turkish Cypriot newspaper.
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The first Greek language Cypriot
magazine (Efterpi) was published in
Larnaka,
by Telesforo Maskalki, of Italian origin
Theodoulos F. Konstantinidis was the
editor of the magazine on November15 1881.
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It consisted of four pages and had the
size of 25X17cm.
It was a fortnight magazine (every two
weeks-15days).
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Returning to the history of American
press, the early newspapers carried
little actual news.
They were filled largely with essays,
letters, editorials and a fewadvertisements.
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Then in 1833 Benjamin Day founded
the New York Sun, filled it with news,
and sold it for only a penny.
Days staff covered the police beat,
wrote about tragedies and natural
disasters, and toned down theopinions. Thus was born the Penny
Press.
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Technological advances in the
nineteenth century, which is known as
the century of industrial revolution,
likethe telegraph (1838), the telephone
(1876) and the wireless (1896), altered
both the production, as well as the
dissemination process of the
journalistic product.
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The late nineteenth century saw an era
most journalists would rather forget,
the age ofYellow Journalism.
The term refers to an unethical,
irresponsible brand of journalism given
to hoaxes, altered photographs,screaming headlines, scoops, frauds
and endless promotion of newspapers
themselves.
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Yellow journalism
derives from the
name of the Yellow
Kid, a cartoon
character that
appeared in 1890s.
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The most notable of yellow journalists
were William Randolph Hearst,
publisher of the New York Journaland
Joseph Pulitzer, publisher of the New
York World.
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During the so called Muckraking period
of social consciousness and regretting,
Joseph Pulitzer decides to pursuit a
career in academia.
Knowing what his newspaper did, he
gives money and his will to ColumbiaUniversity in New York City to launch a
journalism school in order to create
public-spirited educated journalists.
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It w i l l be the ob ject of the co l lege to
make better journal is ts, who wi l l
make better newspapers, which w i l l
bet ter serve the publ ic, the Polishorigin owner and editor of The World
said. This U-turn move by Pulitzer was
the reason why the most prominent
journalistic prize, not only in the US,but the whole world (established in
1917) was given his name!
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The advent of radio, of TV and the
Internet later on,
marked and is still marking
the history of journalism worldwide.
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