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Week 1 VocabularyTypes of Crimes
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What is a crime?
A crime is an illegal act or omission of a duty commanded by public law that constitutes a legal offense, that may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law.
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Mens Rea“guilty mind”; the intention to commit a guilty act
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Actus Reus
“guilty act”; the physical element of committing a crime (actually doing the crime)
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Larceny
Wrongfully taking away the personal goods or property of another; stealing
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Burglary
Breaking into another person’s house or building with the intent to steal
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Robbery
Taking another person’s property against their will, while that person is there, usually by violence or intimidation
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Assault
The threat to do violence or physical harm to another person
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Battery
Physical act of unwanted or harmful contact of another person; physical violence
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“Two peanuts are walking down the street. One was assaulted.”
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Vandalism
Deliberately destroying or damaging property
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Arson
The crime of setting fire to something
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Witness Tampering
Harming or otherwise threatening a witness in order to influence their testimony
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Perjury
Lying under oath (like in a courtroom)
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Homicide
The act of a human being killing another human being
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Murder
Killing another person without a justification or excuse; especially with malice aforethought (premeditation)
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ManslaughterKilling someone but being less culpable (or responsible) than murder; ie being provoked to kill, killing someone by accident
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Fraud
Deceit or trickery in order to gain profit or dishonest advantage
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Forgery
Creating a false written document in order to defraud
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Espionage
The act of spying
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Criminal vs. Non-Criminal BehaviorSmoking?Smoking inside a building?Burping?Lying?Lying under oath?Drinking alcohol?Drinking alcohol at age 16?
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Types of Crimes
● Felony● Misdemeanor● Status Offense● Petty Offense/ Infraction
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FelonyFelonies are the most serious type of criminal offense.
-Usually involve serious physical harm to victims, but also include white collar crimes and fraud schemes. -Misdemeanors can become felonies for repeat offenders.
● Examples: Murder, rape, grand theft
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Misdemeanor
Misdemeanors are criminal offenses that are punishable by up to a year in jail. Punishment for misdemeanors can also include payment of a fine, probation, community service, and restitution. ● Examples: Petty theft, vandalism, public
drunkenness
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Status Offense
A crime that is only a crime if it is committed by a juvenile.● Examples:
○ Curfew violations○ Drinking alcohol○ Truancy
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Infraction
Petty offenses that are punishable by small fines only.● Examples:
○ Speeding○ Littering