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Weed Control in Homeowner Ornamentals
Tim R. Murphy
The University of Georgia
Landscape
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Ornamental Weed Control Options
• Hand-removal, hoeing
• Mulches
• Landscape fabrics
• Herbicides
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#1 Home Owner Question
What can I spray on *&^#@!? weed to kill it and how much do I need??
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Mechanical Control
Plastic or fabric thickness affects the degree of weed suppression.
Clear and colored plastics that allow light penetration produce high temperatures in the upper surface.
This build up of heat, solarization, kills germinating weed seeds.
Fabric Mulches
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Landscape Fabrics
• Expensive
• Limited commercial use
• Very good option for homeowners
• Use high quality, non-woven, fused fabric
• Properly mulch
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Organic Mulches
Straw, wood chips, pine straw, sawdust, newsprint, and other organic materials.
These mulches also shade and physically hinder germinating seedlings
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Organic Mulches
• Coarse texture better than fine
• Texture more important than type
• 2 to 4 inch depth
• Renew as needed
• Nothing is permanent!
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Mulches
control most weeds expensive??good use of “waste” handling is often materials a painConserves water
Advantages Disadvantages
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Mechanical Control
Still used for weed control in high value crops
Best control with small weeds <4 inches Must understand how the weed develops
(annuals vs. perennials)
Hand Pulling and Hoeing
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Hand Weed Control
keeps you in shaperepetition is a mustenvironmentally friendly can stimulate germinationcontrols most weeds must be timely Inexpensive (if done by self
Advantages Disadvantages
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Mechanical Control
Controls many weeds that have emerged
Incorporate fertilizers, lime
Prepares seed or plant beds
Tillage
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Tillage Practices
control most weeds expensive??quick and easy can’t get too close to crop – root pruning
noise pollution
Advantages Disadvantages
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HERBICIDES
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Ornamental – Homeowner Herbicides
• Annual grass control available– Preemergence and postemergence
• Pre and Post broadleaf weed control is difficult
• Use post graminicides for perennial grass control
• Vines, woody plant control is exceeding difficult
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Ornamental Preemergence Herbicides
• Primarily dinitroanilines– Treflan, Surflan, Pendulum, Endurance, XL, Team
• Preen
• Preen-N-Green
• Snapshot - trifluralin + isoxaben
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Ornamental Preemergence Herbicides
• Products labeled for various species
• Irrigate-in if possible (1/2 inch) within 7 days
• Do not apply to wet foliage
• Match weeds to specific products
• Use fall + spring applications
• Rotate products if possible
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Homeowner - Selective POST Grass Control Herbicides
• Sethoxydim - Vantage, Hi-Yield Poast– reseeding restriction: not listed
• Fluazifop - Dexol Grassout
Greenlight Bermudagrass Killer
Ortho Grass-B-Gon
- reseeding restriction: 2 months
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Ornamentals – Post-Grass Control
• Use on any non-grass ornamental– Trees, woodies, annuals, perennials– Includes liriope, hosta, iris, daylily– Don’t spray open blooms– No “nutgrass” control– Avoid applications on “scorchy-hot”, humid days
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Integrated Weed Management
Integrating preventive, mechanical (mulches, fabrics), cultural and chemical methods is usually the most effective method of managing weeds in ornamentals.
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Florida betony
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Florida Betony - Stachys floridana
• Labitae (mint family)
• “Rattlesnake weed”
• perennial
• reproduces primarily by tubers
• opposite, serrated leaves
• occurs in turf and ornamentals
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Florida Betony Control
• Roundup, Finale
• Casoron applied in winter, very difficult to find, can be ordered at Southern States, commercial herbicide stores
• Use landscape fabric in ornamentals
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Bamboo
• Phyllostachys aurea
• Grass family
• rhizomatous
• rarely fruits
• no wildlife value
• full sun, partial shade
• native to China
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Bamboo Control
• No herbicide is labeled for the control of bamboo.
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Bamboo Control
• Roundup Pro, 2% v/v, apply to regrowth 3 to 6 feet tall, repeat, not on label
• Roundup Pro, 33% v/v, apply with gloved hand to husk stage, repeat, not on label
• MSMA, 2% v/v, will “knock” leaves off, repeat
• Mechanical barrier, 30 inches deep
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Phyllanthus spp. - Biology
• Summer annuals
• Spurge family
• Seeds require light
• Tolerates full sun and moderate shade
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Chamberbitter, niruri, gripeweed
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Chamberbitter - Phyllanthus niruri
• Euphorbiaceae (spurge family)• niruri, gripeweed, leafflower• summer annual, reproduces by seed• alternate leaves, numerous leaflets• inconspicuous flowers• stalkless green, round fruit• no milky juice
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Longstalked Phyllanthus
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Longstalked Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus tenellus)
• Euphorbiaceae (spurge family)
• summer annual, reproduces by seed
• alternate leaves, numerous leaflets
• inconspicuous flowers
• stalked green, round fruit
• no milky juice
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Phyllanthus spp. - Control
• Use mulch
• Apply early spring
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Phyllanthus spp. Preemergence Control
• Ronstar (not labeled for use in home landscapes)
• Rout (OHII - slightly less effective)
• Surflan + Gallery (Snapshot TG - less effective)
• Prodiamine (Factor, Endurance, Barricade)
• Gallery
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Phyllanthus spp. Postemergence Control
• Roundup Pro
• Finale
• Reward LS
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Phyllanthus spp. Ineffective Herbicides
• Basagran T/O
• Image
• MSMA
• Pennant
• Pendimethalin
• Balan
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Isoxaben Products - Homeowners
• PRE herbicide for control of annual broadleaf weeds
• Primarily used in woody ornamentals
• Gallery
• Greenlight Portrait
• Reseeding restrictions - 2 months
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EPTC Products - Homeowners
• PRE control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds
• Woody ornamentals, some flowers, groundcovers
• Preen for Groundcovers
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Homeowner - Nutsedge Herbicides
• Image – imazaquin – reseeding restriction: 6 weeks
• Manage – halosulfuron -reseeding restriction: 4 weeks
• Bentazon– Basagran T/O, Hi-Yield Basagran– reseeding restriction: 0 week
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Sedge Herbicides -Ornamentals
• Basagran T/O - yellow, annual sedges
• Manage - yellow, purple, annual sedges
• Image - yellow, purple, annual sedges
• Pennant - yellow, annual sedges– Preemergence only– No homeowner package available
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Basagran T/0 - Ornamentals
• Directed spray around base of ornamentals
• Over-the-Top– Hollies, ornamental cabbage, pachysandra– Liriope, impatiens, marigold– English ivy, petunia, ajuga
• “Safer”option for yellow nutsedge than Roundup Pro
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Manage - Ornamentals
• Post-directed around woody ornamentals
• New-transplants- wait 3 months
• Do not use in annuals or herbaceous perennials
• May be applied 4 weeks in advance of transplanting woody ornamentals
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Image - Ornamentals
• Over-the-top– Junipers, Burford hollies, Helleri holly, Indian hawthorne,
– Liriope, mondograss, hostas, Red tip photinia
– Pachysandra, Asiatic & Confederate jasmine
• Do not apply over root zone of non-listed ornamentals
• Azalea, ligustrum, viburnum, pieris, abelia are severely injured by Image
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Dodder
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Dodder - Cuscuta spp.
• Convolvulaceae (morningglory family)• rootless, leafless parasitic annuals• “yellow spaghetti”• prolific seed producer• germinates early spring• 8 species known in Georgia• wide host range on broadleaf plants
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Dodder Control - Ornamentals
• Fumigate - Basamid
• Casoron, Norosac - woody ornamentals, may be difficult to find
• Dacthal - dropped by manufacturer
• Kerb - woody ornamentals, Restricted Use Herbicide
• Roundup, Finale