Table 2.
SPSS Synax
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Offender_Type BY Gender Ethnicity_RC Adult_Recidivism
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI
/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
ONEWAY Earliest_Onset Youth_Convictions Convictions_Adulthood Youth_Custody_Time Custody_Adulthood
BY Offender_Type
/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY
/MISSING ANALYSIS
/POSTHOC=BONFERRONI T2 ALPHA(0.05).
SPSS Output
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Offender_Type BY Gender Ethnicity_RC Adult_Recidivism
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI
/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Crosstabs
Notes
Output Created
04-AUG-2019 23:52:05
Comments
Input
Data
C:\Users\Evan\sfuvault\Research\Papers\Accepted\Journal Articles\2018\Homicide Offenders - YVJJ\ASC HOMICIDE AGE 28 - REMOVED MISSSING.sav
Active Dataset
DataSet2
Filter
Weight
Split File
N of Rows in Working Data File
523
Missing Value Handling
Definition of Missing
User-defined missing values are treated as missing.
Cases Used
Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table.
Syntax
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Offender_Type BY Gender Ethnicity_RC Adult_Recidivism
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI
/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Resources
Processor Time
00:00:00.08
Elapsed Time
00:00:00.07
Dimensions Requested
2
Cells Available
524245
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
Missing
Total
N
Percent
N
Percent
N
Percent
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19) * What is your gender?
523
100.0%
0
0.0%
523
100.0%
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19) * Ethnicity_RC
520
99.4%
3
0.6%
523
100.0%
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19) * Convicted at age 20 -28; If deceased but recidivated in adulthood prior to death, counted. If deceased and never recidivated in adulthood, not counted
515
98.5%
8
1.5%
523
100.0%
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19) * What is your gender?
Crosstab
What is your gender?
Total
Female
Male
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
Homicide
Count
6
20
26
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
23.1%
76.9%
100.0%
% within What is your gender?
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
Violent
Count
77
281
358
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
21.5%
78.5%
100.0%
% within What is your gender?
64.7%
69.6%
68.5%
General
Count
36
103
139
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
25.9%
74.1%
100.0%
% within What is your gender?
30.3%
25.5%
26.6%
Total
Count
119
404
523
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
22.8%
77.2%
100.0%
% within What is your gender?
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
1.100a
2
.577
Likelihood Ratio
1.081
2
.583
Linear-by-Linear Association
.743
1
.389
N of Valid Cases
523
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.92.
Symmetric Measures
Value
Approximate Significance
Nominal by Nominal
Phi
.046
.577
Cramer's V
.046
.577
N of Valid Cases
523
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19) * Ethnicity_RC
Crosstab
Ethnicity_RC
Caucasian
Other
Aboriginal
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
Homicide
Count
12
7
7
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
46.2%
26.9%
26.9%
% within Ethnicity_RC
3.8%
9.2%
5.6%
Violent
Count
223
57
77
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
62.5%
16.0%
21.6%
% within Ethnicity_RC
69.7%
75.0%
62.1%
General
Count
85
12
40
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
62.0%
8.8%
29.2%
% within Ethnicity_RC
26.6%
15.8%
32.3%
Total
Count
320
76
124
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
61.5%
14.6%
23.8%
% within Ethnicity_RC
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Crosstab
Total
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
Homicide
Count
26
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
100.0%
% within Ethnicity_RC
5.0%
Violent
Count
357
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
100.0%
% within Ethnicity_RC
68.7%
General
Count
137
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
100.0%
% within Ethnicity_RC
26.3%
Total
Count
520
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
100.0%
% within Ethnicity_RC
100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
9.936a
4
.042
Likelihood Ratio
9.931
4
.042
Linear-by-Linear Association
.034
1
.854
N of Valid Cases
520
a. 1 cells (11.1%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.80.
Symmetric Measures
Value
Approximate Significance
Nominal by Nominal
Phi
.138
.042
Cramer's V
.098
.042
N of Valid Cases
520
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19) * Convicted at age 20 -28; If deceased but recidivated in adulthood prior to death, counted. If deceased and never recidivated in adulthood, not counted
Crosstab
Convicted at age 20 -28; If deceased but recidivated in adulthood prior to death, counted. If deceased and never recidivated in adulthood, not counted
Total
NO
YES
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
Homicide
Count
7
17
24
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
29.2%
70.8%
100.0%
% within Convicted at age 20 -28; If deceased but recidivated in adulthood prior to death, counted. If deceased and never recidivated in adulthood, not counted
4.8%
4.6%
4.7%
Violent
Count
90
264
354
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
25.4%
74.6%
100.0%
% within Convicted at age 20 -28; If deceased but recidivated in adulthood prior to death, counted. If deceased and never recidivated in adulthood, not counted
62.1%
71.4%
68.7%
General
Count
48
89
137
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
35.0%
65.0%
100.0%
% within Convicted at age 20 -28; If deceased but recidivated in adulthood prior to death, counted. If deceased and never recidivated in adulthood, not counted
33.1%
24.1%
26.6%
Total
Count
145
370
515
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
28.2%
71.8%
100.0%
% within Convicted at age 20 -28; If deceased but recidivated in adulthood prior to death, counted. If deceased and never recidivated in adulthood, not counted
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
4.525a
2
.104
Likelihood Ratio
4.415
2
.110
Linear-by-Linear Association
3.056
1
.080
N of Valid Cases
515
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.76.
Symmetric Measures
Value
Approximate Significance
Nominal by Nominal
Phi
.094
.104
Cramer's V
.094
.104
N of Valid Cases
515
ONEWAY Earliest_Onset Youth_Convictions Convictions_Adulthood Youth_Custody_Time Custody_Adulthood
BY Offender_Type
/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY
/MISSING ANALYSIS
/POSTHOC=BONFERRONI T2 ALPHA(0.05).
Oneway
Notes
Output Created
04-AUG-2019 23:52:05
Comments
Input
Data
C:\Users\Evan\sfuvault\Research\Papers\Accepted\Journal Articles\2018\Homicide Offenders - YVJJ\ASC HOMICIDE AGE 28 - REMOVED MISSSING.sav
Active Dataset
DataSet2
Filter
Weight
Split File
N of Rows in Working Data File
523
Missing Value Handling
Definition of Missing
User-defined missing values are treated as missing.
Cases Used
Statistics for each analysis are based on cases with no missing data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax
ONEWAY Earliest_Onset Youth_Convictions Convictions_Adulthood Youth_Custody_Time Custody_Adulthood
BY Offender_Type
/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY
/MISSING ANALYSIS
/POSTHOC=BONFERRONI T2 ALPHA(0.05).
Resources
Processor Time
00:00:00.08
Elapsed Time
00:00:00.10
Descriptives
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Whichever came first (custody or conviction)
Homicide
26
14.7308
1.40165
.27489
Violent
358
14.1788
1.39683
.07382
General
139
14.6906
1.73977
.14757
Total
523
14.3423
1.51223
.06613
Youth_Convictions
Homicide
26
4.7308
5.94345
1.16561
Violent
357
13.2017
8.96239
.47434
General
139
10.9137
7.73706
.65625
Total
522
12.1705
8.73779
.38244
Convictions_Adulthood
Homicide
22
5.1818
6.57293
1.40135
Violent
332
11.2410
11.82280
.64886
General
133
8.8195
11.86466
1.02880
Total
487
10.3060
11.73414
.53172
Youth_Custody_Time
Homicide
26
500.8846
296.91067
58.22897
Violent
357
380.5014
297.50757
15.74577
General
139
258.4101
262.66866
22.27926
Total
522
353.9866
294.92443
12.90849
Custody_Adulthood
Homicide
22
2004.8182
1482.01599
315.96687
Violent
332
733.4157
850.83162
46.69545
General
133
526.5263
805.16421
69.81659
Total
487
734.3491
921.36093
41.75085
Descriptives
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Minimum
Maximum
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Whichever came first (custody or conviction)
Homicide
14.1646
15.2969
12.00
17.00
Violent
14.0336
14.3240
12.00
18.00
General
14.3989
14.9824
12.00
25.00
Total
14.2124
14.4722
12.00
25.00
Youth_Convictions
Homicide
2.3302
7.1314
.00
20.00
Violent
12.2688
14.1345
.00
43.00
General
9.6161
12.2113
.00
40.00
Total
11.4192
12.9218
.00
43.00
Convictions_Adulthood
Homicide
2.2675
8.0961
.00
25.00
Violent
9.9646
12.5174
.00
68.00
General
6.7845
10.8546
.00
73.00
Total
9.2612
11.3507
.00
73.00
Youth_Custody_Time
Homicide
380.9598
620.8094
.00
1011.00
Violent
349.5350
411.4678
.00
1477.00
General
214.3572
302.4629
.00
1507.00
Total
328.6275
379.3457
.00
1507.00
Custody_Adulthood
Homicide
1347.7291
2661.9073
.00
4026.00
Violent
641.5584
825.2729
.00
3527.00
General
388.4222
664.6304
.00
3478.00
Total
652.3146
816.3835
.00
4026.00
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Levene Statistic
df1
df2
Sig.
Whichever came first (custody or conviction)
1.760
2
520
.173
Youth_Convictions
5.919
2
519
.003
Convictions_Adulthood
5.011
2
484
.007
Youth_Custody_Time
2.918
2
519
.055
Custody_Adulthood
18.973
2
484
.000
ANOVA
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Whichever came first (custody or conviction)
Between Groups
30.364
2
15.182
6.786
Within Groups
1163.372
520
2.237
Total
1193.736
522
Youth_Convictions
Between Groups
2038.267
2
1019.134
14.015
Within Groups
37739.558
519
72.716
Total
39777.826
521
Convictions_Adulthood
Between Groups
1161.748
2
580.874
4.276
Within Groups
65755.665
484
135.859
Total
66917.413
486
Youth_Custody_Time
Between Groups
2081785.377
2
1040892.689
12.495
Within Groups
43235013.530
519
83304.458
Total
45316798.910
521
Custody_Adulthood
Between Groups
41254617.590
2
20627308.790
26.887
Within Groups
371313683.100
484
767177.031
Total
412568300.700
486
ANOVA
Sig.
Whichever came first (custody or conviction)
Between Groups
.001
Within Groups
Total
Youth_Convictions
Between Groups
.000
Within Groups
Total
Convictions_Adulthood
Between Groups
.014
Within Groups
Total
Youth_Custody_Time
Between Groups
.000
Within Groups
Total
Custody_Adulthood
Between Groups
.000
Within Groups
Total
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable
(I) Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
(J) Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
Mean Difference (I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Whichever came first (custody or conviction)
Bonferroni
Homicide
Violent
.55200
.30381
.209
-.1777
1.2817
General
.04012
.31960
1.000
-.7275
.8077
Violent
Homicide
-.55200
.30381
.209
-1.2817
.1777
General
-.51188*
.14948
.002
-.8709
-.1529
General
Homicide
-.04012
.31960
1.000
-.8077
.7275
Violent
.51188*
.14948
.002
.1529
.8709
Tamhane
Homicide
Violent
.55200
.28463
.176
-.1696
1.2735
General
.04012
.31199
.999
-.7366
.8168
Violent
Homicide
-.55200
.28463
.176
-1.2735
.1696
General
-.51188*
.16500
.007
-.9090
-.1147
General
Homicide
-.04012
.31199
.999
-.8168
.7366
Violent
.51188*
.16500
.007
.1147
.9090
Youth_Convictions
Bonferroni
Homicide
Violent
-8.47091*
1.73218
.000
-12.6312
-4.3106
General
-6.18290*
1.82206
.002
-10.5591
-1.8067
Violent
Homicide
8.47091*
1.73218
.000
4.3106
12.6312
General
2.28801*
.85254
.023
.2404
4.3356
General
Homicide
6.18290*
1.82206
.002
1.8067
10.5591
Violent
-2.28801*
.85254
.023
-4.3356
-.2404
Tamhane
Homicide
Violent
-8.47091*
1.25843
.000
-11.6314
-5.3104
General
-6.18290*
1.33765
.000
-9.5073
-2.8584
Violent
Homicide
8.47091*
1.25843
.000
5.3104
11.6314
General
2.28801*
.80973
.015
.3433
4.2327
General
Homicide
6.18290*
1.33765
.000
2.8584
9.5073
Violent
-2.28801*
.80973
.015
-4.2327
-.3433
Convictions_Adulthood
Bonferroni
Homicide
Violent
-6.05915
2.56605
.056
-12.2236
.1054
General
-3.63773
2.68270
.527
-10.0825
2.8070
Violent
Homicide
6.05915
2.56605
.056
-.1054
12.2236
General
2.42141
1.19612
.130
-.4521
5.2949
General
Homicide
3.63773
2.68270
.527
-2.8070
10.0825
Violent
-2.42141
1.19612
.130
-5.2949
.4521
Tamhane
Homicide
Violent
-6.05915*
1.54428
.001
-9.9573
-2.1610
General
-3.63773
1.73845
.120
-7.9400
.6646
Violent
Homicide
6.05915*
1.54428
.001
2.1610
9.9573
General
2.42141
1.21632
.136
-.5030
5.3459
General
Homicide
3.63773
1.73845
.120
-.6646
7.9400
Violent
-2.42141
1.21632
.136
-5.3459
.5030
Youth_Custody_Time
Bonferroni
Homicide
Violent
120.38321
58.62903
.122
-20.4300
261.1964
General
242.47454*
61.67115
.000
94.3549
390.5942
Violent
Homicide
-120.38321
58.62903
.122
-261.1964
20.4300
General
122.09133*
28.85582
.000
52.7864
191.3963
General
Homicide
-242.47454*
61.67115
.000
-390.5942
-94.3549
Violent
-122.09133*
28.85582
.000
-191.3963
-52.7864
Tamhane
Homicide
Violent
120.38321
60.32033
.157
-32.5158
273.2822
General
242.47454*
62.34564
.001
85.6034
399.3457
Violent
Homicide
-120.38321
60.32033
.157
-273.2822
32.5158
General
122.09133*
27.28177
.000
56.5617
187.6210
General
Homicide
-242.47454*
62.34564
.001
-399.3457
-85.6034
Violent
-122.09133*
27.28177
.000
-187.6210
-56.5617
Custody_Adulthood
Bonferroni
Homicide
Violent
1271.40252*
192.82753
.000
808.1670
1734.6381
General
1478.29187*
201.59348
.000
993.9976
1962.5861
Violent
Homicide
-1271.40252*
192.82753
.000
-1734.6381
-808.1670
General
206.88935
89.88338
.065
-9.0403
422.8190
General
Homicide
-1478.29187*
201.59348
.000
-1962.5861
-993.9976
Violent
-206.88935
89.88338
.065
-422.8190
9.0403
Tamhane
Homicide
Violent
1271.40252*
319.39870
.002
446.0035
2096.8016
General
1478.29187*
323.58835
.000
645.5039
2311.0798
Violent
Homicide
-1271.40252*
319.39870
.002
-2096.8016
-446.0035
General
206.88935*
83.99299
.043
5.0158
408.7629
General
Homicide
-1478.29187*
323.58835
.000
-2311.0798
-645.5039
Violent
-206.88935*
83.99299
.043
-408.7629
-5.0158
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
Table 3
SPSS Syntax
* Encoding: UTF-8.
T-TEST PAIRS=total_per_yr_before Pre_Violence Pre_Property Pre_Violation Pre_Weapon Pre_Misc
Pre_Drug Pre_Sex Avg_Incarcerated_Pre WITH total_per_yr_after Post_Violence Post_Property Post_Violation Post_Weapon
Post_Misc Post_Drug Post_Sex Avg_Incarcerated_Post(PAIRED)
/CRITERIA=CI(.9500)
/MISSING=ANALYSIS.
SPSS Output
* Encoding: UTF-8.
T-TEST PAIRS=total_per_yr_before Pre_Violence Pre_Property Pre_Violation Pre_Weapon Pre_Misc
Pre_Drug Pre_Sex Avg_Incarcerated_Pre WITH total_per_yr_after Post_Violence Post_Property Post_Violation Post_Weapon
Post_Misc Post_Drug Post_Sex Avg_Incarcerated_Post(PAIRED)
/CRITERIA=CI(.9500)
/MISSING=ANALYSIS.
T-Test
Notes
Output Created
05-AUG-2019 00:01:50
Comments
Input
Data
C:\Users\Evan\sfuvault\Research\Papers\Accepted\Journal Articles\2018\Homicide Offenders - YVJJ\For Table 3.sav
Active Dataset
DataSet7
Filter
Weight
Split File
N of Rows in Working Data File
21
Missing Value Handling
Definition of Missing
User defined missing values are treated as missing.
Cases Used
Statistics for each analysis are based on the cases with no missing or out-of-range data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax
T-TEST PAIRS=total_per_yr_before Pre_Violence Pre_Property Pre_Violation Pre_Weapon Pre_Misc
Pre_Drug Pre_Sex Avg_Incarcerated_Pre WITH total_per_yr_after Post_Violence Post_Property Post_Violation Post_Weapon
Post_Misc Post_Drug Post_Sex Avg_Incarcerated_Post(PAIRED)
/CRITERIA=CI(.9500)
/MISSING=ANALYSIS.
Resources
Processor Time
00:00:00.03
Elapsed Time
00:00:00.05
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean
N
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pair 1
total_per_yr_before
1.0265
21
.93841
.20478
total_per_yr_after
.4288
21
.52745
.11510
Pair 2
Pre_Violence
.3841
21
.29968
.06539
Post_Violence
.0733
21
.12354
.02696
Pair 3
Pre_Property
.2166
21
.32894
.07178
Post_Property
.0426
21
.09996
.02181
Pair 4
Pre_Violation
.2036
21
.33526
.07316
Post_Violation
.1563
21
.26294
.05738
Pair 5
Pre_Weapon
.0401
21
.07757
.01693
Post_Weapon
.0359
21
.08988
.01961
Pair 6
Pre_Misc
.1439
21
.24873
.05428
Post_Misc
.0778
21
.13613
.02971
Pair 7
Pre_Drug
.0323
21
.10589
.02311
Post_Drug
.0423
21
.09039
.01972
Pair 8
Pre_Sex
.0060
21
.02728
.00595
Post_Sex
.0000
21
.00000
.00000
Pair 9
Average time incarcerated per yr observed up to and including homicide
113.3961
20
66.75269
14.92635
Average time incarcerated per yr observed after homicide
106.0499
20
104.51508
23.37028
Paired Samples Correlations
N
Correlation
Sig.
Pair 1
total_per_yr_before & total_per_yr_after
21
.143
.535
Pair 2
Pre_Violence & Post_Violence
21
-.006
.978
Pair 3
Pre_Property & Post_Property
21
-.168
.466
Pair 4
Pre_Violation & Post_Violation
21
-.247
.281
Pair 5
Pre_Weapon & Post_Weapon
21
.440
.046
Pair 6
Pre_Misc & Post_Misc
21
.642
.002
Pair 7
Pre_Drug & Post_Drug
21
-.150
.516
Pair 8
Pre_Sex & Post_Sex
21
.
.
Pair 9
Average time incarcerated per yr observed up to and including homicide & Average time incarcerated per yr observed after homicide
20
.499
.025
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Pair 1
total_per_yr_before - total_per_yr_after
.59775
1.00840
.22005
.13874
Pair 2
Pre_Violence - Post_Violence
.31075
.32488
.07090
.16286
Pair 3
Pre_Property - Post_Property
.17399
.35951
.07845
.01034
Pair 4
Pre_Violation - Post_Violation
.04724
.47438
.10352
-.16870
Pair 5
Pre_Weapon - Post_Weapon
.00420
.08921
.01947
-.03641
Pair 6
Pre_Misc - Post_Misc
.06613
.19221
.04194
-.02137
Pair 7
Pre_Drug - Post_Drug
-.01001
.14918
.03255
-.07792
Pair 8
Pre_Sex - Post_Sex
.00595
.02728
.00595
-.00646
Pair 9
Average time incarcerated per yr observed up to and including homicide - Average time incarcerated per yr observed after homicide
7.34622
91.74588
20.51500
-35.59217
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Upper
Pair 1
total_per_yr_before - total_per_yr_after
1.05677
2.716
20
.013
Pair 2
Pre_Violence - Post_Violence
.45863
4.383
20
.000
Pair 3
Pre_Property - Post_Property
.33764
2.218
20
.038
Pair 4
Pre_Violation - Post_Violation
.26317
.456
20
.653
Pair 5
Pre_Weapon - Post_Weapon
.04480
.215
20
.832
Pair 6
Pre_Misc - Post_Misc
.15362
1.577
20
.131
Pair 7
Pre_Drug - Post_Drug
.05789
-.308
20
.762
Pair 8
Pre_Sex - Post_Sex
.01837
1.000
20
.329
Pair 9
Average time incarcerated per yr observed up to and including homicide - Average time incarcerated per yr observed after homicide
50.28461
.358
19
.724
Table 4/Figure 2
SAS Code
*Code for all trajectory models performed available via [email protected].
PROC TRAJ DATA = sasuser.HOMICIDE OUTPLOT=OP OUTSTAT = OS OUT= OF OUTEST = OE ITDETAIL ci95m;
ID Code_; VAR Convictions_12-Convictions_28; INDEP T12-T28; EXPOS E12-E28;
MODEL ZIP; NGROUPS 4 ; ORDER 2 2 2 2;
RUN;
%TRAJPLOT (OP, OS, 'Offense vs. Time', 'Zero Inflated Poisson' , 'Offenses', 'Scaled Age')
SAS Output
*Complete trajectory output available from [email protected]
Offense vs. Time 00:03 Monday, August 5, 2019 5
Zero Inflated Poisson
Maximum Likelihood Estimates
Model: Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP)
Standard T for H0:
Group Parameter Estimate Error Parameter=0 Prob > |T|
1 Intercept -1.98985 0.47685 -4.173 0.0000
Linear 0.26803 0.04877 5.495 0.0000
Quadratic -0.00679 0.00121 -5.598 0.0000
2 Intercept -18.37254 1.15881 -15.855 0.0000
Linear 2.29127 0.14181 16.157 0.0000
Quadratic -0.07044 0.00427 -16.508 0.0000
3 Intercept -16.55816 0.82921 -19.969 0.0000
Linear 2.20611 0.10243 21.538 0.0000
Quadratic -0.06650 0.00316 -21.034 0.0000
4 Intercept -5.69635 0.32489 -17.533 0.0000
Linear 0.77401 0.03480 22.241 0.0000
Quadratic -0.01959 0.00090 -21.648 0.0000
Group membership
1 (%) 18.62405 1.82324 10.215 0.0000
2 (%) 40.97618 2.28890 17.902 0.0000
3 (%) 18.27780 1.81161 10.089 0.0000
4 (%) 22.12197 2.01268 10.991 0.0000
BIC= -19993.23 (N= 8710) BIC= -19972.13 (N= 523) AIC= -19940.19 ll= -19925.19
SPSS Syntax
* Encoding: UTF-8.
ONEWAY Youth_Convictions Convictions_Adulthood Youth_Custody_Time Custody_Adulthood BY
Four_Trajectories
/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY
/MISSING ANALYSIS
/POSTHOC=BONFERRONI T2 ALPHA(0.05).
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Four_Trajectories BY Offender_Type
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI
/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
SPSS Output
* Encoding: UTF-8.
ONEWAY Youth_Convictions Convictions_Adulthood Youth_Custody_Time Custody_Adulthood BY
Four_Trajectories
/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY
/MISSING ANALYSIS
/POSTHOC=BONFERRONI T2 ALPHA(0.05).
Oneway
Notes
Output Created
05-AUG-2019 00:15:48
Comments
Input
Data
C:\Users\Evan\sfuvault\Research\Papers\Accepted\Journal Articles\2018\Homicide Offenders - YVJJ\ASC HOMICIDE AGE 28 - REMOVED MISSSING.sav
Active Dataset
DataSet2
Filter
Weight
Split File
N of Rows in Working Data File
523
Missing Value Handling
Definition of Missing
User-defined missing values are treated as missing.
Cases Used
Statistics for each analysis are based on cases with no missing data for any variable in the analysis.
Syntax
ONEWAY Youth_Convictions Convictions_Adulthood Youth_Custody_Time Custody_Adulthood BY
Four_Trajectories
/STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES HOMOGENEITY
/MISSING ANALYSIS
/POSTHOC=BONFERRONI T2 ALPHA(0.05).
Resources
Processor Time
00:00:00.06
Elapsed Time
00:00:00.06
Descriptives
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
Youth_Convictions
Stable Low
98
10.3367
5.99819
.60591
Adolescent Limited
214
5.9673
4.29148
.29336
High Rate Desisting
98
18.4184
6.62536
.66926
High Rate Persisting
112
20.1607
8.78528
.83013
Total
522
12.1705
8.73779
.38244
Convictions_Adulthood
Stable Low
92
12.8261
7.02993
.73292
Adolescent Limited
203
1.4433
1.62605
.11413
High Rate Desisting
87
8.2644
6.30330
.67578
High Rate Persisting
105
26.9238
10.99886
1.07338
Total
487
10.3060
11.73414
.53172
Youth_Custody_Time
Stable Low
98
311.1837
228.44189
23.07612
Adolescent Limited
214
186.2243
187.57365
12.82227
High Rate Desisting
98
540.2347
281.06501
28.39185
High Rate Persisting
112
549.0179
318.15677
30.06299
Total
522
353.9866
294.92443
12.90849
Custody_Adulthood
Stable Low
92
798.7609
711.55203
74.18443
Adolescent Limited
203
202.1084
628.79210
44.13255
High Rate Desisting
87
461.8161
465.82771
49.94197
High Rate Persisting
105
1932.7238
712.70086
69.55248
Total
487
734.3491
921.36093
41.75085
Descriptives
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
Minimum
Maximum
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Youth_Convictions
Stable Low
9.1342
11.5393
.00
25.00
Adolescent Limited
5.3890
6.5455
.00
18.00
High Rate Desisting
17.0901
19.7467
7.00
42.00
High Rate Persisting
18.5158
21.8057
.00
43.00
Total
11.4192
12.9218
.00
43.00
Convictions_Adulthood
Stable Low
11.3702
14.2819
1.00
36.00
Adolescent Limited
1.2183
1.6684
.00
7.00
High Rate Desisting
6.9210
9.6078
.00
24.00
High Rate Persisting
24.7953
29.0524
9.00
73.00
Total
9.2612
11.3507
.00
73.00
Youth_Custody_Time
Stable Low
265.3840
356.9834
.00
889.00
Adolescent Limited
160.9495
211.4991
.00
916.00
High Rate Desisting
483.8847
596.5847
9.00
1477.00
High Rate Persisting
489.4460
608.5897
.00
1507.00
Total
328.6275
379.3457
.00
1507.00
Custody_Adulthood
Stable Low
651.4026
946.1191
.00
3605.00
Adolescent Limited
115.0888
289.1279
.00
4026.00
High Rate Desisting
362.5347
561.0974
.00
2558.00
High Rate Persisting
1794.7986
2070.6490
417.00
3872.00
Total
652.3146
816.3835
.00
4026.00
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Levene Statistic
df1
df2
Sig.
Youth_Convictions
24.776
3
518
.000
Convictions_Adulthood
56.182
3
483
.000
Youth_Custody_Time
13.426
3
518
.000
Custody_Adulthood
11.926
3
483
.000
ANOVA
Sum of Squares
df
Mean Square
F
Youth_Convictions
Between Groups
19540.213
3
6513.404
166.716
Within Groups
20237.613
518
39.069
Total
39777.826
521
Convictions_Adulthood
Between Groups
45887.787
3
15295.929
351.311
Within Groups
21029.626
483
43.540
Total
66917.413
486
Youth_Custody_Time
Between Groups
13862025.410
3
4620675.137
76.094
Within Groups
31454773.490
518
60723.501
Total
45316798.910
521
Custody_Adulthood
Between Groups
215140138.300
3
71713379.420
175.444
Within Groups
197428162.400
483
408753.959
Total
412568300.700
486
ANOVA
Sig.
Youth_Convictions
Between Groups
.000
Within Groups
Total
Convictions_Adulthood
Between Groups
.000
Within Groups
Total
Youth_Custody_Time
Between Groups
.000
Within Groups
Total
Custody_Adulthood
Between Groups
.000
Within Groups
Total
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable
(I) Group
(J) Group
Mean Difference (I-J)
Std. Error
Sig.
95% Confidence Interval
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Youth_Convictions
Bonferroni
Stable Low
Adolescent Limited
4.36944*
.76238
.000
2.3503
6.3886
High Rate Desisting
-8.08163*
.89293
.000
-10.4465
-5.7168
High Rate Persisting
-9.82398*
.86457
.000
-12.1137
-7.5342
Adolescent Limited
Stable Low
-4.36944*
.76238
.000
-6.3886
-2.3503
High Rate Desisting
-12.45108*
.76238
.000
-14.4702
-10.4320
High Rate Persisting
-14.19342*
.72897
.000
-16.1240
-12.2628
High Rate Desisting
Stable Low
8.08163*
.89293
.000
5.7168
10.4465
Adolescent Limited
12.45108*
.76238
.000
10.4320
14.4702
High Rate Persisting
-1.74235
.86457
.266
-4.0321
.5474
High Rate Persisting
Stable Low
9.82398*
.86457
.000
7.5342
12.1137
Adolescent Limited
14.19342*
.72897
.000
12.2628
16.1240
High Rate Desisting
1.74235
.86457
.266
-.5474
4.0321
Tamhane
Stable Low
Adolescent Limited
4.36944*
.67319
.000
2.5736
6.1653
High Rate Desisting
-8.08163*
.90279
.000
-10.4816
-5.6816
High Rate Persisting
-9.82398*
1.02774
.000
-12.5555
-7.0925
Adolescent Limited
Stable Low
-4.36944*
.67319
.000
-6.1653
-2.5736
High Rate Desisting
-12.45108*
.73073
.000
-14.4021
-10.5000
High Rate Persisting
-14.19342*
.88044
.000
-16.5433
-11.8436
High Rate Desisting
Stable Low
8.08163*
.90279
.000
5.6816
10.4816
Adolescent Limited
12.45108*
.73073
.000
10.5000
14.4021
High Rate Persisting
-1.74235
1.06632
.482
-4.5754
1.0907
High Rate Persisting
Stable Low
9.82398*
1.02774
.000
7.0925
12.5555
Adolescent Limited
14.19342*
.88044
.000
11.8436
16.5433
High Rate Desisting
1.74235
1.06632
.482
-1.0907
4.5754
Convictions_Adulthood
Bonferroni
Stable Low
Adolescent Limited
11.38274*
.82930
.000
9.1858
13.5797
High Rate Desisting
4.56172*
.98677
.000
1.9476
7.1758
High Rate Persisting
-14.09772*
.94229
.000
-16.5940
-11.6014
Adolescent Limited
Stable Low
-11.38274*
.82930
.000
-13.5797
-9.1858
High Rate Desisting
-6.82102*
.84554
.000
-9.0610
-4.5810
High Rate Persisting
-25.48046*
.79319
.000
-27.5817
-23.3792
High Rate Desisting
Stable Low
-4.56172*
.98677
.000
-7.1758
-1.9476
Adolescent Limited
6.82102*
.84554
.000
4.5810
9.0610
High Rate Persisting
-18.65944*
.95662
.000
-21.1937
-16.1252
High Rate Persisting
Stable Low
14.09772*
.94229
.000
11.6014
16.5940
Adolescent Limited
25.48046*
.79319
.000
23.3792
27.5817
High Rate Desisting
18.65944*
.95662
.000
16.1252
21.1937
Tamhane
Stable Low
Adolescent Limited
11.38274*
.74175
.000
9.3899
13.3756
High Rate Desisting
4.56172*
.99692
.000
1.9090
7.2144
High Rate Persisting
-14.09772*
1.29974
.000
-17.5556
-10.6399
Adolescent Limited
Stable Low
-11.38274*
.74175
.000
-13.3756
-9.3899
High Rate Desisting
-6.82102*
.68535
.000
-8.6643
-4.9777
High Rate Persisting
-25.48046*
1.07943
.000
-28.3743
-22.5866
High Rate Desisting
Stable Low
-4.56172*
.99692
.000
-7.2144
-1.9090
Adolescent Limited
6.82102*
.68535
.000
4.9777
8.6643
High Rate Persisting
-18.65944*
1.26840
.000
-22.0359
-15.2830
High Rate Persisting
Stable Low
14.09772*
1.29974
.000
10.6399
17.5556
Adolescent Limited
25.48046*
1.07943
.000
22.5866
28.3743
High Rate Desisting
18.65944*
1.26840
.000
15.2830
22.0359
Youth_Custody_Time
Bonferroni
Stable Low
Adolescent Limited
124.95937*
30.05632
.000
45.3573
204.5614
High Rate Desisting
-229.05102*
35.20306
.000
-322.2838
-135.8182
High Rate Persisting
-237.83418*
34.08521
.000
-328.1065
-147.5619
Adolescent Limited
Stable Low
-124.95937*
30.05632
.000
-204.5614
-45.3573
High Rate Desisting
-354.01039*
30.05632
.000
-433.6124
-274.4083
High Rate Persisting
-362.79356*
28.73898
.000
-438.9067
-286.6804
High Rate Desisting
Stable Low
229.05102*
35.20306
.000
135.8182
322.2838
Adolescent Limited
354.01039*
30.05632
.000
274.4083
433.6124
High Rate Persisting
-8.78316
34.08521
1.000
-99.0555
81.4891
High Rate Persisting
Stable Low
237.83418*
34.08521
.000
147.5619
328.1065
Adolescent Limited
362.79356*
28.73898
.000
286.6804
438.9067
High Rate Desisting
8.78316
34.08521
1.000
-81.4891
99.0555
Tamhane
Stable Low
Adolescent Limited
124.95937*
26.39920
.000
54.6280
195.2908
High Rate Desisting
-229.05102*
36.58694
.000
-326.3468
-131.7553
High Rate Persisting
-237.83418*
37.89842
.000
-338.5399
-137.1285
Adolescent Limited
Stable Low
-124.95937*
26.39920
.000
-195.2908
-54.6280
High Rate Desisting
-354.01039*
31.15298
.000
-437.1675
-270.8533
High Rate Persisting
-362.79356*
32.68324
.000
-449.9155
-275.6716
High Rate Desisting
Stable Low
229.05102*
36.58694
.000
131.7553
326.3468
Adolescent Limited
354.01039*
31.15298
.000
270.8533
437.1675
High Rate Persisting
-8.78316
41.35070
1.000
-118.6238
101.0575
High Rate Persisting
Stable Low
237.83418*
37.89842
.000
137.1285
338.5399
Adolescent Limited
362.79356*
32.68324
.000
275.6716
449.9155
High Rate Desisting
8.78316
41.35070
1.000
-101.0575
118.6238
Custody_Adulthood
Bonferroni
Stable Low
Adolescent Limited
596.65250*
80.35262
.000
383.7848
809.5202
High Rate Desisting
336.94478*
95.61014
.003
83.6573
590.2323
High Rate Persisting
-1133.96294*
91.30100
.000
-1375.8348
-892.0911
Adolescent Limited
Stable Low
-596.65250*
80.35262
.000
-809.5202
-383.7848
High Rate Desisting
-259.70772*
81.92611
.010
-476.7439
-42.6715
High Rate Persisting
-1730.61544*
76.85350
.000
-1934.2134
-1527.0175
High Rate Desisting
Stable Low
-336.94478*
95.61014
.003
-590.2323
-83.6573
Adolescent Limited
259.70772*
81.92611
.010
42.6715
476.7439
High Rate Persisting
-1470.90772*
92.68881
.000
-1716.4561
-1225.3593
High Rate Persisting
Stable Low
1133.96294*
91.30100
.000
892.0911
1375.8348
Adolescent Limited
1730.61544*
76.85350
.000
1527.0175
1934.2134
High Rate Desisting
1470.90772*
92.68881
.000
1225.3593
1716.4561
Tamhane
Stable Low
Adolescent Limited
596.65250*
86.31924
.000
366.6607
826.6443
High Rate Desisting
336.94478*
89.42891
.001
98.6669
575.2227
High Rate Persisting
-1133.96294*
101.69010
.000
-1404.3048
-863.6210
Adolescent Limited
Stable Low
-596.65250*
86.31924
.000
-826.6443
-366.6607
High Rate Desisting
-259.70772*
66.64745
.001
-436.6775
-82.7380
High Rate Persisting
-1730.61544*
82.37251
.000
-1949.6362
-1511.5947
High Rate Desisting
Stable Low
-336.94478*
89.42891
.001
-575.2227
-98.6669
Adolescent Limited
259.70772*
66.64745
.001
82.7380
436.6775
High Rate Persisting
-1470.90772*
85.62563
.000
-1698.6858
-1243.1296
High Rate Persisting
Stable Low
1133.96294*
101.69010
.000
863.6210
1404.3048
Adolescent Limited
1730.61544*
82.37251
.000
1511.5947
1949.6362
High Rate Desisting
1470.90772*
85.62563
.000
1243.1296
1698.6858
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Four_Trajectories BY Offender_Type
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI
/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Crosstabs
Notes
Output Created
05-AUG-2019 00:15:48
Comments
Input
Data
C:\Users\Evan\sfuvault\Research\Papers\Accepted\Journal Articles\2018\Homicide Offenders - YVJJ\ASC HOMICIDE AGE 28 - REMOVED MISSSING.sav
Active Dataset
DataSet2
Filter
Weight
Split File
N of Rows in Working Data File
523
Missing Value Handling
Definition of Missing
User-defined missing values are treated as missing.
Cases Used
Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table.
Syntax
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Four_Trajectories BY Offender_Type
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI
/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Resources
Processor Time
00:00:00.05
Elapsed Time
00:00:00.04
Dimensions Requested
2
Cells Available
524245
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
Missing
Total
N
Percent
N
Percent
N
Percent
Group * Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
523
100.0%
0
0.0%
523
100.0%
Group * Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19) Crosstabulation
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
Homicide
Violent
Group
Stable Low
Count
5
70
% within Group
5.1%
71.4%
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
19.2%
19.6%
Adolescent Limited
Count
14
130
% within Group
6.5%
60.7%
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
53.8%
36.3%
High Rate Desisting
Count
4
69
% within Group
4.1%
70.4%
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
15.4%
19.3%
High Rate Persisting
Count
3
89
% within Group
2.7%
78.8%
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
11.5%
24.9%
Total
Count
26
358
% within Group
5.0%
68.5%
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
100.0%
100.0%
Group * Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19) Crosstabulation
Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
Total
General
Group
Stable Low
Count
23
98
% within Group
23.5%
100.0%
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
16.5%
18.7%
Adolescent Limited
Count
70
214
% within Group
32.7%
100.0%
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
50.4%
40.9%
High Rate Desisting
Count
25
98
% within Group
25.5%
100.0%
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
18.0%
18.7%
High Rate Persisting
Count
21
113
% within Group
18.6%
100.0%
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
15.1%
21.6%
Total
Count
139
523
% within Group
26.6%
100.0%
% within Homicide, Violent, or General Offender (Violence/homicide by 19)
100.0%
100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
12.376a
6
.054
Likelihood Ratio
12.659
6
.049
Linear-by-Linear Association
.652
1
.419
N of Valid Cases
523
a. 2 cells (16.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.87.
Symmetric Measures
Value
Approximate Significance
Nominal by Nominal
Phi
.154
.054
Cramer's V
.109
.054
N of Valid Cases
523
Table 5.
SPSS Syntax
* Encoding: UTF-8.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Four_Trajectories BY HRP HRD Stable_Low AL
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI
/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
SPSS Output
* Encoding: UTF-8.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Four_Trajectories BY HRP HRD Stable_Low AL
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI
/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Crosstabs
Notes
Output Created
05-AUG-2019 00:18:24
Comments
Input
Data
C:\Users\Evan\sfuvault\Research\Papers\Accepted\Journal Articles\2018\Homicide Offenders - YVJJ\ASC HOMICIDE AGE 28 - REMOVED MISSSING.sav
Active Dataset
DataSet2
Filter
Weight
Split File
N of Rows in Working Data File
523
Missing Value Handling
Definition of Missing
User-defined missing values are treated as missing.
Cases Used
Statistics for each table are based on all the cases with valid data in the specified range(s) for all variables in each table.
Syntax
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Four_Trajectories BY HRP HRD Stable_Low AL
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ PHI
/CELLS=COUNT ROW COLUMN
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Resources
Processor Time
00:00:00.03
Elapsed Time
00:00:00.04
Dimensions Requested
2
Cells Available
524245
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
Missing
Total
N
Percent
N
Percent
N
Percent
Group * HRP
523
100.0%
0
0.0%
523
100.0%
Group * HRD
523
100.0%
0
0.0%
523
100.0%
Group * Stable_Low
523
100.0%
0
0.0%
523
100.0%
Group * AL
523
100.0%
0
0.0%
523
100.0%
Group * HRP
Crosstab
HRP
Total
.00
1.00
Group
Stable Low
Count
98
0
98
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within HRP
23.9%
0.0%
18.7%
Adolescent Limited
Count
214
0
214
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within HRP
52.2%
0.0%
40.9%
High Rate Desisting
Count
98
0
98
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within HRP
23.9%
0.0%
18.7%
High Rate Persisting
Count
0
113
113
% within Group
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
% within HRP
0.0%
100.0%
21.6%
Total
Count
410
113
523
% within Group
78.4%
21.6%
100.0%
% within HRP
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
523.000a
3
.000
Likelihood Ratio
545.884
3
.000
Linear-by-Linear Association
336.093
1
.000
N of Valid Cases
523
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 21.17.
Symmetric Measures
Value
Approximate Significance
Nominal by Nominal
Phi
1.000
.000
Cramer's V
1.000
.000
N of Valid Cases
523
Group * HRD
Crosstab
HRD
Total
.00
1.00
Group
Stable Low
Count
98
0
98
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within HRD
23.1%
0.0%
18.7%
Adolescent Limited
Count
214
0
214
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within HRD
50.4%
0.0%
40.9%
High Rate Desisting
Count
0
98
98
% within Group
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
% within HRD
0.0%
100.0%
18.7%
High Rate Persisting
Count
113
0
113
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within HRD
26.6%
0.0%
21.6%
Total
Count
425
98
523
% within Group
81.3%
18.7%
100.0%
% within HRD
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
523.000a
3
.000
Likelihood Ratio
504.593
3
.000
Linear-by-Linear Association
36.888
1
.000
N of Valid Cases
523
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.36.
Symmetric Measures
Value
Approximate Significance
Nominal by Nominal
Phi
1.000
.000
Cramer's V
1.000
.000
N of Valid Cases
523
Group * Stable_Low
Crosstab
Stable_Low
Total
.00
1.00
Group
Stable Low
Count
0
98
98
% within Group
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
% within Stable_Low
0.0%
100.0%
18.7%
Adolescent Limited
Count
214
0
214
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within Stable_Low
50.4%
0.0%
40.9%
High Rate Desisting
Count
98
0
98
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within Stable_Low
23.1%
0.0%
18.7%
High Rate Persisting
Count
113
0
113
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within Stable_Low
26.6%
0.0%
21.6%
Total
Count
425
98
523
% within Group
81.3%
18.7%
100.0%
% within Stable_Low
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
523.000a
3
.000
Likelihood Ratio
504.593
3
.000
Linear-by-Linear Association
234.606
1
.000
N of Valid Cases
523
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.36.
Symmetric Measures
Value
Approximate Significance
Nominal by Nominal
Phi
1.000
.000
Cramer's V
1.000
.000
N of Valid Cases
523
Group * AL
Crosstab
AL
Total
.00
1.00
Group
Stable Low
Count
98
0
98
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within AL
31.7%
0.0%
18.7%
Adolescent Limited
Count
0
214
214
% within Group
0.0%
100.0%
100.0%
% within AL
0.0%
100.0%
40.9%
High Rate Desisting
Count
98
0
98
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within AL
31.7%
0.0%
18.7%
High Rate Persisting
Count
113
0
113
% within Group
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
% within AL
36.6%
0.0%
21.6%
Total
Count
309
214
523
% within Group
59.1%
40.9%
100.0%
% within AL
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
523.000a
3
.000
Likelihood Ratio
707.680
3
.000
Linear-by-Linear Association
64.152
1
.000
N of Valid Cases
523
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 40.10.
Symmetric Measures
Value
Approximate Significance
Nominal by Nominal
Phi
1.000
.000
Cramer's V
1.000
.000
N of Valid Cases
523