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WEATHERING: breakup of rock due to exposure to processes that occur at or near Earth’s surface
TWO TYPES:1. Mechanical (physically)2. Chemical (chemically)
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Ice Wedging
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MECHANICAL WEATHERING: Ice Wedging: ice freezes and expands w/in cracks and breaks apart rock
Abrasion: scraping
Exfoliation: peeling of surface layers
Root Wedging: roots push apart cracks in rocks
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Abrasion
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Exfoliation
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Weathering by Living Things (Biomechanical/Physical)
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Hydrolysis: chemical reaction of rock with water
Oxidation: exposure of rock to oxygen causes chemical reactions
Root Leaching: plants use minerals in rock as nutrients which cracks rocks
Carbonic Acid: acid rain (water + CO2)
CHEMICAL WEATHERING
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Karst Topography- Caves!
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Oxidation Oxidation of Desert Landscape
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Root Leaching
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Acid Rain- corrodes marble & limestone!
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Karst Topography• Chemical weathering of limestone
& dolomite bedrock due to acid rain (hydrolysis)
• Lots of salt and gypsum minerals- highly soluble in water
• Forms caves and different landforms
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Karst Landforms
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Rates of Weathering Depend on…
1. Surface area exposure- the more surface area exposed, the faster the rate of weathering
2. Composition of rock- some minerals are weathered easier than others
3. Climates1. Warm, wet climates are conducive to BOTH
chemical and mechanical2. Cold, dry climates mechanical weathering
plays a greater role than chemical- ice, wind, snow/glacier movement
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EROSION:transportation and movement of weathered sediments AGENTS:1. wind 4. gravity2. water 5. volcanoes3. glaciers
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Wind
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Water
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Ice
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Gravity
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Volcanic Eruption
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MASS WASTING
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Talus – rock fragments that have been weathered from a cliff and pulled down by gravity
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Types of Mass Wasting
1. landslide2. mudslides & mudflows3. creep4. slump
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Creep
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Slump
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Mudflow
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Earth flow• Landslide NatGeo• Man Catches Land
slide on Tape• Landslide in CA