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WAVES
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WAVES
Carries energy from one place to another
Classified by what they move through
1. Mechanical Waves
the energy is transferred by vibrations of medium
(medium = matter, stuff)
ex/ ocean waves move through water
2. Electromagnetic waves (EM Waves)
the energy moves through disturbances in the
electromagnetic field.
a disturbance that transfers energy
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WAVE STRUCTURE
CREST (peak)
AMPLITUDE
middle to max peak
WAVELENGTH
TROUGH
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WAVE STRUCTURE
Wavelength – the distance between
the same point in two waves.
Amplitude – the distance from the
middle of the wave to the
maximum crest or trough.
Frequency – The number of waves that pass a specific
point each second.
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MECHANICAL WAVES
travel through & gradually
lose energy to that
medium
Examples:
water, sound, rope, &
spring waves
Mechanical Media:
water, air, rope, spring
require a medium (the material through which the wave is
moving) to transmit energy
Making a pulse
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MECHANICAL WAVES
3 types:
Longitudinal
transverse
surface
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TRANVERSE WAVES
Sideways or up & down
Examples:
S-type earthquake waves
Electromagnetic waves
(ex: light)
Vibration is perpendicular to the direction of
the motion of the wave
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LONGITUDINAL WAVES
Back and forth (compression & rarefraction)
Also called compression or pressure wave
Examples:
P-type earthquake waves
Sound waves
Vibration is parallel to the
direction of the motion of the wave
Rarefraction (expansion)
Compression
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SURFACE WAVES
Occur at the boundary between two different
mediums
Particles move more the closer they are to the
surface
Example:
Ocean waves
Vibration is circular
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CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES
Amplitude the distance from the
middle of the wave to the
maximum peak.
Frequency ƒ
the number of waves that pass a
specific point each second.
Wavelength the distance between
the same point in two waves.
Velocity vspeed = how fast the wave
travels
v = ƒ
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AMPLITUDE
Distance between the “middle & crest” or “middle &
trough”
Gives indication of the
“power” of a wave
Does not affect the
velocity of a wave
Determines strength (earthquake), loudness (sound), or
brightness (electromagnetic wave)
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WAVELENGTH Distance between any two
repeating points on a wave
crest-crest, trough-trough,expansion-expansion, compression-compression
Determines what colorswe see; what notes we hear (pitch)
Shorter wavelengths have a higher frequency because the waves aren’t as long
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Frequency ƒ
measured in
wavelengths/second
Hertz (Hz) = number of
wavelengths in 1 second
the number of waves that pass a specific point each
second.
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VELOCITY v the rate at which the
wave travels
Depends on medium
Mechanical waves travel
faster through dense
mediums
EM Waves are faster
through less dense
mediums
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Which is a longitudinal wave, and which is a
transverse wave?
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Which is a longitudinal wave, and which is a
transverse wave?
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Which is a longitudinal wave, and which is a
transverse wave?
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Which is a longitudinal wave, and which is a
transverse wave?
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Which is a longitudinal wave, and which is a
transverse wave?
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Earthquakes
Waves traveling through the ground.
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P Wave: Primary wave. Moves lateral
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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P Wave: Primary wave. Moves lateral
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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P Wave: Primary wave. Moves lateral
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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P Wave: Primary wave. Moves lateral
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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P Wave: Primary wave. Moves lateral
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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S Wave: Secondary waves. Stronger and
moves up and down.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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S Wave: Secondary waves. Stronger and
moves up and down.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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S Wave: Secondary waves. Stronger and
moves up and down.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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S Wave: Secondary waves. Stronger and
moves up and down.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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S Wave: Secondary waves. Stronger and
moves up and down.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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Wave reflection.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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Wave reflection.
Reflection occurs when waves change
directions as a result of "bouncing off" a
surface like a mirror.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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Wave reflection.
Reflection occurs when waves change
directions as a result of "bouncing off" a
surface like a mirror.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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Wave reflection.
Reflection occurs when waves change
directions as a result of "bouncing off" a
surface like a mirror.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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Refraction: The bending of a wave when it
enters a medium where its speed is
changed.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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An birds must compensate for refraction
when catching fish.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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Wave diffraction
A change in the direction of a wave as they
pass through an opening or around an object
in their path
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Waves can be absorbed by objects and converted into other types of energy.Light waves can be absorbed by objects and in most cases the energy is converted into heat.
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Wave interference.
Two waves can interact with one another, this
interaction is called interference.
Constructive Destructive
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Wave interference.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
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