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Wavepath Migration versus Wavepath Migration versus Kirchhoff Migration: 3-D Kirchhoff Migration: 3-D
Prestack ExamplesPrestack Examples
H. Sun and G. T. SchusterH. Sun and G. T. SchusterUniversity of UtahUniversity of Utah
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OutlineOutline Problems in Kirchhoff MigrationProblems in Kirchhoff Migration• Wavepath Migration Wavepath Migration • Implementation of WMImplementation of WM• Numerical ResultsNumerical Results• ConclusionsConclusions
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Forward ModelingForward Modeling
( Xg, 0 )( Xg, 0 ) ( Xs, 0 )( Xs, 0 )
Specular RaySpecular Ray
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3D Kirchhoff Migration3D Kirchhoff Migration
( Xg, 0 )( Xg, 0 ) ( Xs, 0 )( Xs, 0 )
3D Fat Ellipsoid3D Fat Ellipsoid
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3-D KM of a Single Trace3-D KM of a Single Trace
RR SSAA
AA
BB
BB
CC
CC
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Problems in Kirchhoff MigrationProblems in Kirchhoff Migration
Traveltime InformationTraveltime Information
Where Was Wave Reflected ?Where Was Wave Reflected ?
The Whole Fat Ellipsoid !The Whole Fat Ellipsoid !
Problem 1Problem 1
Strong Far-FieldStrong Far-FieldMigration ArtifactMigration Artifact
Problem 2Problem 2
Slow for 3-D IterativeSlow for 3-D IterativeVelocity AnalysisVelocity Analysis
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OutlineOutline• Problems in Kirchhoff MigrationProblems in Kirchhoff Migration Wavepath Migration Wavepath Migration • Implementation of WMImplementation of WM• Numerical ResultsNumerical Results• ConclusionsConclusions
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3D Wavepath Migration3D Wavepath Migration
( Xg, 0 )( Xg, 0 )
Fat RayFat Ray
Fat Fat EllipsoidEllipsoid
KM : Fat Ellipsoid, O(N )KM : Fat Ellipsoid, O(N )WM: Hatching Area, O(N )WM: Hatching Area, O(N )
3 3
1.5 1.5
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3-D WM of a Single Trace3-D WM of a Single Trace
RR SSAA
BBCC
AABB
CC
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Traveltime + Ray DirectionTraveltime + Ray Direction
TrueReflection point
SmallMigration Aperture
FewerFewerArtifactsArtifacts
LessLessExpensiveExpensive
Wavepath MigrationWavepath Migration
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• To Achieve Higher CPU EfficiencyTo Achieve Higher CPU Efficiency Compared to 3-D KMCompared to 3-D KM • To Generate Comparable or BetterTo Generate Comparable or Better Image Quality than 3-D KMImage Quality than 3-D KM
Key Goals of 3-D WMKey Goals of 3-D WM
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Related ReferencesRelated References• Time-Map MigrationTime-Map Migration SherrifSherrif & & GeldhartGeldhart (1985) (1985)• Wave Equation TomographyWave Equation Tomography Woodward Woodward && Rocca Rocca (1988) (1988)• Gaussian Beam MigrationGaussian Beam Migration Ross HillRoss Hill (1990) (1990)• Kirchhoff Beam MigrationKirchhoff Beam Migration Yonghe SunYonghe Sun et al., (1999) et al., (1999)
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OutlineOutline• Problems in Kirchhoff MigrationProblems in Kirchhoff Migration• Wavepath Migration Wavepath Migration Implementation of WMImplementation of WM• Numerical ResultsNumerical Results• ConclusionsConclusions
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Key Steps in WMKey Steps in WM
RaypathRaypath
RR SS
RaypathRaypath Fresnel Zone MigrationFresnel Zone MigrationQuasi-ellipsoidQuasi-ellipsoid
Quasi-ellipsoidQuasi-ellipsoid
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OutlineOutline• Problems in Kirchhoff MigrationProblems in Kirchhoff Migration• Wavepath Migration Wavepath Migration • Implementation of WMImplementation of WM Numerical ResultsNumerical Results 3-D Prestack Point Scatterer Data3-D Prestack Point Scatterer Data 3-D Prestack SEG/EAGE Salt Data3-D Prestack SEG/EAGE Salt Data 3-D Prestack West Texas Field Data3-D Prestack West Texas Field Data• ConclusionsConclusions
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3-D Prestack KM Point Scatterer Response3-D Prestack KM Point Scatterer Response R
efle
ctiv
ity
Ref
lect
ivit
y
Y Offset (km)Y Offset (km) X Offset (km)X Offset (km)
11
-0.5-0.5
00
11
Ref
lect
ivit
yR
efle
ctiv
ity
Y Offset (km)Y Offset (km) X Offset (km)X Offset (km)
11
-0.01-0.01
00
0.020.02
Ref
lect
ivit
yR
efle
ctiv
ity
Y Offset (km)Y Offset (km) X Offset (km)X Offset (km)
11
-0.05-0.05
00
0.10.1
Ref
lect
ivit
yR
efle
ctiv
ity
Y Offset (km)Y Offset (km) X Offset (km)X Offset (km)
11
-0.2-0.2
00
0.40.4
11
1111
11
Z0Z0
Z0-1Z0-1Z0-9Z0-9
Z0+8Z0+8
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Ref
lect
ivit
yR
efle
ctiv
ity
Y Offset (km)Y Offset (km) X Offset (km)X Offset (km)
11
-0.5-0.5
00
11
Ref
lect
ivit
yR
efle
ctiv
ity
Y Offset (km)Y Offset (km) X Offset (km)X Offset (km)
11
-0.01-0.01
00
0.020.02
Ref
lect
ivit
yR
efle
ctiv
ity
Y Offset (km)Y Offset (km) X Offset (km)X Offset (km)
11
-0.05-0.05
00
0.10.1
Ref
lect
ivit
yR
efle
ctiv
ity
Y Offset (km)Y Offset (km) X Offset (km)X Offset (km)
11
-0.2-0.2
00
0.40.4
11
1111
11
3-D Prestack WM Point Scatterer Response3-D Prestack WM Point Scatterer Response
Z0Z0
Z0-1Z0-1Z0-9Z0-9
Z0+8Z0+8
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OutlineOutline• Problems in Kirchhoff MigrationProblems in Kirchhoff Migration• Wavepath Migration Wavepath Migration • Implementation of WMImplementation of WM Numerical ResultsNumerical Results 3-D Prestack Point Scatterer Data3-D Prestack Point Scatterer Data 3-D Prestack SEG/EAGE Salt Data3-D Prestack SEG/EAGE Salt Data 3-D Prestack West Texas Field Data3-D Prestack West Texas Field Data• ConclusionsConclusions
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A Common Shot GatherA Common Shot GatherTrace NumberTrace Number11 390390
Tim
e (s
ec)
Tim
e (s
ec)
00
5.05.0
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Inline Velocity ModelInline Velocity Model
Offset (km)Offset (km)00 9.29.2
Dep
th (
km)
Dep
th (
km)
00
3.83.8
SALTSALT
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Inline KMInline KM ((CPU=1CPU=1)) Inline WMInline WM ((CPU=1/33CPU=1/33))
Offset (km)Offset (km)00 9.29.2
00
3.83.8
De
pth
(k
m)
De
pth
(k
m)
Offset (km)Offset (km)00 9.29.2
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Inline KMInline KM ((CPU=1CPU=1)) Inline WMInline WM ((CPU=1/170CPU=1/170))
Offset (km)Offset (km)00 9.29.2
00
3.83.8
De
pth
(k
m)
De
pth
(k
m)
Offset (km)Offset (km)00 9.29.2
(subsample)(subsample)
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Zoom Views of Inline Sections Zoom Views of Inline Sections
Offset: 3~6.5 km, Depth: 0.3~1.8 kmOffset: 3~6.5 km, Depth: 0.3~1.8 km
WMWM
ModelModel
KM KM
SubSubWMWM
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Offset: 1.8~4 km, Depth: 0.6~2.1 kmOffset: 1.8~4 km, Depth: 0.6~2.1 km
WMWM
ModelModel
KM KM
SubSubWMWM
Zoom Views of Crossline Sections Zoom Views of Crossline Sections
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Inline: 1.8~7.2 km, Crossline: 0~4 kmInline: 1.8~7.2 km, Crossline: 0~4 km
WMWM
ModelModel
KM KM
SubSubWMWM
Horizontal Slices (Depth=1.4 km) Horizontal Slices (Depth=1.4 km)
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OutlineOutline• Problems in Kirchhoff MigrationProblems in Kirchhoff Migration• Wavepath Migration Wavepath Migration • Implementation of WMImplementation of WM Numerical ResultsNumerical Results 3-D Prestack Point Scatterer Data3-D Prestack Point Scatterer Data 3-D Prestack SEG/EAGE Salt Data3-D Prestack SEG/EAGE Salt Data 3-D Prestack West Texas Field Data3-D Prestack West Texas Field Data• ConclusionsConclusions
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A Common Shot GatherA Common Shot GatherTrace NumberTrace Number5454 193193
Tim
e (s
ec)
Tim
e (s
ec)
00
3.43.4
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Inline KM Inline KM ((CPU=1CPU=1)) Inline WMInline WM ((CPU=1/14CPU=1/14))
Offset (km)Offset (km)0.40.4 4.54.5
0.80.8
3.83.8
De
pth
(k
m)
De
pth
(k
m)
Offset (km)Offset (km)0.40.4 4.54.5
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Inline KMInline KM ((CPU=1CPU=1)) Inline WMInline WM ((CPU=1/50CPU=1/50))
Offset (km)Offset (km)0.40.4 4.54.5
0.80.8
3.83.8
De
pth
(k
m)
De
pth
(k
m)
Offset (km)Offset (km)0.40.4 4.54.5
(subsample)(subsample)
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Crossline KM Crossline KM ((CPU=1CPU=1)) Crossline WMCrossline WM ((CPU=1/14CPU=1/14))
Offset (km)Offset (km)0.30.3 3.53.5
0.80.8
3.33.3
De
pth
(k
m)
De
pth
(k
m)
Offset (km)Offset (km)0.30.3 3.53.5
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Crossline KMCrossline KM ((CPU=1CPU=1)) Crossline WMCrossline WM ((CPU=1/50CPU=1/50))(subsample)(subsample)
Offset (km)Offset (km)0.30.3 3.53.5
0.80.8
3.33.3
De
pth
(k
m)
De
pth
(k
m)
Offset (km)Offset (km)0.30.3 3.53.5
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Inline: 0~4.6 km, Crossline: 0~3.8Inline: 0~4.6 km, Crossline: 0~3.8
KM (KM (CPU=1CPU=1))
Horizontal Slices (Depth=2.5 km) Horizontal Slices (Depth=2.5 km)
WM (WM (CPU=1/14CPU=1/14)) WM (Sub, WM (Sub, CPU=1/50CPU=1/50))
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OutlineOutline• Problems in Kirchhoff MigrationProblems in Kirchhoff Migration• Wavepath Migration Wavepath Migration • Implementation of WMImplementation of WM• Numerical ResultsNumerical Results ConclusionsConclusions
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ConclusionsConclusions
SEG/EAGE Salt DataSEG/EAGE Salt Data• Fewer Migration ArtifactsFewer Migration Artifacts• Better for Complex Salt BoundaryBetter for Complex Salt Boundary• Higher Computational EfficiencyHigher Computational Efficiency
CPUCPU KM: KM: 11 WM: WM: 1/331/33 Subsampled WM: Subsampled WM: 1/1701/170
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ConclusionsConclusions
West Texas Field DataWest Texas Field Data• Fewer Migration ArtifactsFewer Migration Artifacts• Similar Image QualitySimilar Image Quality• Higher Computational EfficiencyHigher Computational Efficiency
CPUCPU KM: KM: 11 WM: WM: 1/141/14 Subsampled WM: Subsampled WM: 1/501/50
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
We thank UTAM sponsorsWe thank UTAM sponsorsfor their financial supportfor their financial support