Download - Watersheds
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Watersheds
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Surface Water
• Definition: fresh water on the Earth’s land surface– Is found in lakes, rivers, streams, and wetlands
• Types of surface waters are:– River systems
• Mississippi, Amazon, Nile– Watersheds
• Definition: area of land that is drained by a river– Example: Mississippi Watershed
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• Definition - The total land that contributes water (or drains into) a particular waterway.
• Can also be called a "Drainage Basin"
A Watershed
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All of the water within the area drains into the central waterway and to a specific point along that waterway.http://www.ugwawv.org/images/watershed_large.jpg
A Watershed
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• The drain board under a kitchen sink drying rack is like a watershed.
Watershed or Drainage Basin
The "Dry Dish" Watershed
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• Water always follows the path of least resistance.... DOWNHILL!• Water that flows through a
Watershed:-Streams, Creeks, and Rivers-Surface runoff (water across the
land surface)-Groundwater (under the surface)
All three interact with each other!
Go with the Flow
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Flow: Streams and Rivers
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• Surface Runoff can also be called Overland Flow
Includes over forested land, grassland, and parking lots
Flow: Surface Runoff
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_3k4d15i2OAA/TMcWeF0DXzI/AAAAAAAAFtU/tAwW5Z1C9JI/s400/parking+lot+runoff+2.JPG
http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTNLL3TB1lwMw7XT0cgjqD2Tdk69LGaoMMKXvWPCWAB_rtk4OXaaz63sOa-
http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/news/images/lawn.jpg
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Under the surface Groundwater is on the move
Flow: Groundwater
http://savethewater.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Maryland-groundwater-diagram-pubs-usgs-gov.jpg
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The Water Cycle provides the water to create these three types of flow.
Fuel for the Flow: The Water Cycle
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TOPOGRAPHY(Shape of the lands
surface)
Watersheds Land Area
Determines what area will make up a watershed
http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca.earth-sciences/files/jpg/h2o/bowen/images/watershed_e.jpg
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Low points in a watershed:Stream or river itself, the very bottom
Watershed Topography
http://www.americanwhitewater.org/photos/archive/medium/10211.jpg
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Highpoints in a watershed:Hills, Mountains, or ridges surrounding
the waterway.
Watershed Topography
http://www.birdsasart.com/rootjpegs/Mount%20McKinley.jpg
http://mysticsail.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/rotui-web.jpg
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3487/4060038327_5088e10425.jpg
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The watershed boundary is created by the high points of land surrounding a waterway
Watershed Boundary
http://www.thinkbluemaine.org/images/kids/watershed%20-%20edit.jpg
http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/watershed.jpg
Watershed Boundary
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Any water within the boundary of your watershed or precipitation that falls within the boundary will flow into your waterway
Watershed Boundary
http://www.pedrocreek.org/images/watershed_drawing.gif
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Any water OUTSIDE the boundary of your watershed or precipitation that falls OUTSIDE the boundary will flow into a different waterway is part of a different watershed.
Watershed Boundary
http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/CIV246/changes/watershe.gif
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• The watershed boundary is the dividing line between two watersheds• Watershed boundaries are
sometimes called Watershed Divides
Watershed Boundary
http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MEDIA/stelprdb5361417.jpg
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Does your favorite stream have a watershed?
Many Watersheds
http://www.fws.gov/chesapeakebay/Newsletter/Summer05/Streams/Flowing%20stream.gif
All waterways, large or small, have a watershed.Waterways always have land surrounding them that drain into them.
Small creek=Small watershed Large Creek=Larger Watershed
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waterways flow into one another.small creeks flow into
Large creeks
which flow into
LARGER creeksor a river!
Build up a Waterway
http://www.fgmorph.com/images/04/04_08_01.gif
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Watersheds interact with one another too.
Small watersheds make up
Larger Watersheds
which make up
Even LARGER Watersheds
Build up a Watershed
http://epa.gov/gmpo/images/lower_mississippi_map.jpg
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Watersheds work on different scales• small creeks have small
watersheds• large creeks include the
watersheds of many small creeks• rivers include the
combined watersheds of many large creeks
Scale
Allegheny River
French Creek
Sugar Creek
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Is there any place on land that is not part of a watershed?
No Watersheds Somewhere?
No, Everywhere you stand on the Earth's land surface drains
somewhere, so it is part of a watershed, whether big or small.
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• Small watershed?• Big watershed?• Where does
your water flow to?• Which of the
major watersheds in Costa Rica are you in?
What is YOUR Watershed?
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• Our Water Cycle The Fuel that Runs the Watershed
Watershed Impacts
http://web.bryant.edu/~langlois/ecology/hydrocyc.gif
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Land and waterway interactionWatershed Impacts (Rural)
http://media.sanluisobispo.com/smedia/2012/03/14/18/30/1dSwQC.MiSt.76.jpg
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/datait/tools/warsss/images/fig32.jpg
What we do on our land affects our waterways
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Land and waterway interactionWatershed Impacts (Urban)
What we do on our land affects our waterways
http://www.twpusc.org/comdev/stormwater/photos/stream21_lg.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Allegheny_River_Pittsburgh.JPG
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Land and waterway interaction
Watershed Impacts (Residential)
What we do on our land affects our waterways
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/11/12774549_1f8ae21d9a.jpg
http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/newsletter/2002/06/images/lake_fertilizer.jpg
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• We influence our waterway and watershed
Direct Impact on Waterway• Dumping into creek, littering into creek
Impact on Land Surrounding Waterway (Watershed)
• Poor land use decisions• Disturbing the land without minimal impact• Contributing to pollution on the land
Watershed Impacts
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• We are connected to others downstream• Our waterway flows into other
waterways• Our watershed drains into
other watersheds• Our mess/pollution travels
downstream
Watershed Impacts Downstream
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What will YOU do to protect your watershed?
Watershed Impacts