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1Project B
PROJECT BEffects of Oil Viscosity and heterogeneity on Water Flooding
Professor Pavel Bedrikovetsky
Aakriti Bhandari
Konstantin BobrovAndre Michels
Wan Mohd Syafiq Irfan Wan Mohd Shuhaimi
RESERVOIR SIMULATION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction...3
Aim...4
Eclipse Keywords.5
Homogenous (1 Layer) Reservoir Results..6-9
Heterogeneous (5 Layers) Reservoir Results.10-14
Comparison Between Homogenous and Heterogeneous
Results..15
Sensitivity Analysis..16-19
Conclusions .20
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INTRODUCTION
Why water flood?
It involves drilling injection wells and introduction water
through them
It improves oil production
Primary Recovery only recovers 5-35% OIIP
Water flooding can be used to recover 5-50% of the remaining
oil
Flooding techniques can be used to improve recovery for highly
heterogeneous reservoir.
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Buckley-Leverett one dimensional displacement
=
=
Speed/position of waterfront
()=
(
)
Capillary pressure term in the fractional flow fixes
the problem
=
(
)
< < moves at constant speed
stabilized zone
> - unstablized zone
Abrupt changes in saturation in shock
front gradually change in saturation
behind water front
0
0.5
1
0.00 0.80Swf
_
(_)/(_ )
Sw
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
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AIM
Used Eclipse to investigate the effect of oil viscosity and heterogeneity on well
performance. Plotted oil saturation maps for various viscosities
Calculated oil and water production rate at various time and PVI for low and high
viscosity oil.
Used heterogeneous reservoir with different permeability to examine its effecton Oil recovery
KeywordsKeywords Function
CWIT Connection water injected total
DIMENS Number of grid blocks in each directionDZ Length of z direction
FWPT Field water production total
PERM Permeability
RESV Specifies a target fluid rate
TSTEP Time step
uo Oil viscosity
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6
Effect of oil Viscosity on waterflooding for a given rate
0.174 0.173 0.1720.161
0.148
0.075
0.021
0.3 0.7 1 5 10 50 200
Rf Vs Viscosity for day 180
Project B
Homogeneous 5-spot pattern
10 cp
1 cp0.174 0.172
200 cp0.148
0.3 cp
0.021
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Saturation Maps Summary
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0.16
0.28
0.690.75 0.75 0.77
0.1 0.2 0.5434 1 1.5 4PVI
Rf Vs PVI for 1 cp
0.06
0.170.20
0.470.52
0.65
0.1 0.2 0.5434 1 1.5 4
PVI
Rf Vs PVI for 50 cp
0.1PVI BT 4PVI0.16 0.69 0.77
0.1PVI BT 4PVI0.06 0.20 0.65
The profiles below show the changing saturation of oil
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Recovery Factor
00.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Recoveryfactor
RF at Break through
1 Cp 50 Cp
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Breakthrought
ime
Break through time
BT at 1 and 50 cP
at 1000 bbl/d
BT at 1 and 50 cP
at 6000 bbl/d
1 Cp 50 Cp
Observation:
Higher recovery factor with lower viscosity
Faster depletion with higher rate(1cP)
Higher recovery factor with lower rate(50cP)
Explanation:
Piston-like displacement for 1cP
Bypassing of oil by water (50cP)
Mobility ratio between oil and injected water 8Project B
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Oil production rate and water cut
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
OilProductionrate
PVI
OPR vs PVI
1 cp
50 cp
Observations: Increase in Viscosity, less Oil
production
Different production profile
for low and high Viscosity
Explanations :
Time delay for pressure support
Slower response in the reservoir Primary drive
Difference in oil and water Viscosity
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RESERVOIR SIMULATION
Observations:
Reaches Maximum water cut
quickly with high flow rate BT happens sooner for high
Viscosity
Steeper water cut for low
viscosity
Explanations :
Difference in oil and water Viscosity
Piston like and Finger like flow fordifferent viscosities
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5 Layer cake 5-spot pattern
Investigating the effect of heterogeneity on water flooding
Setting heterogeneity:
For permeability ratio (Kmax/Kmin = 1, 10, 100)
Height = 20 m and kavg = 500 md
Kmax/Kmin = 1 10 100
500 95.3 9.88
500 442 459
500 484 500
500 526 543
500 953 988
All Permeability values are in md
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0.3 cp1 cp
10cp 200 cp
19.9% 19.9%
19.2% 7.9%
13
0.199 0.199 0.199 0.196 0.192
0.159
0.079
0.3 0.7 1 5 10 50 200
RF
Viscosity
Rf Vs Viscosity
Water Flooding (So)
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Effect of oil Viscosity on water flooding for a given rate
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5 Layer Saturation Map
0.1 PVI BT16% 53.8% 4 PVI 69%
3.8%7.7% 48%
0.1 PVIBT 4 PVI 0
0.25
0.5
0.75
0 1 2 3 4
RF
PVI
1 cp
50 cp
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Rf Vs PVI
The profiles below show the changing saturation of oil
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RF Vs PVI for five layers
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Reco
veryFactor
PVI
R: 100
R: 10
R: 1
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Rfa
tBreakthrough
Flow Rate
R: 1
R:10
R:100
5-LAYER GRAPHS SUMMARY
RF at Bt Vs Rate for heteregeneous
reservoir
Homogeneous reservoir has better
performance
Most heterogeneous reservoir the flow
becomes channel which decreases the
influence of water flooding
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 0.5 1 1.5
Fw
PVI
Water Cut Vs PVI
R:1
R: 100
R:10
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Production
Rate
PVI
Production rate Vs PVI
R:1
R: 100
R: 10
5-LAYER GRAPHS SUMMARY
Pressure support drops faster in
homogeneous reservoir than in
heterogeneous
WC is faster for ratio 1 due to
heterogeneity
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Recovery Factor Per Layer
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0 2 4 6 8
RF
PVI
Ratio 10
1
2
3
4
5
Field
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0 1 2 3 4
RF
PVI
Ratio 1
1
2
3
4
5
Field 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0 2 4 6
RF
PVI
Ratio 1001
2
3
4
5
Field
Observation:
Lowest permeable
layer has the highest
rate to increase for 0-1
PVI
Explanation:
Pressure difference
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SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
RecoveryFac
tor
PVI
Rf Vs PVI
R: 100R: 10
R: 1
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CONCLUSIONS
Eclipse is a sophisticated software for the simulation of water-
flooding.
The recovery factor, RF decreases as the viscosity increases both
for 1 layer and 5 layers case.
Water breakthrough is faster with the high viscosity oil.
Recovery Factor at Breakthrough decreases as heterogeneity
increases
Water breakthrough occurs first at the layer with the highest
permeability.