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Water Use in Textiles
Phil PattersonManaging Director, Colour Connections
Consultancy ltd
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The Rime of the Modern Clothier
Water, water, everywhere, And all the brains did shrink,Water, water, everywhere,Nor any drop to drink
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Industrial Use
• ~100 – 150 l/kg
• Scouring• Dyeing• Washing• Heating!• Cooling!• (don’t forget fibre)
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Domestic Laundry
• ~10 – 15 l/kg/wash
• Washing• Rinsing
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.......not just water
• Energy to heat it• Chemicals in it• Pollution
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Industry• Use high temperatures• Inefficient• Indirect heating– Boiler makes steam– Steam shipped to machines– Heat exchanger
• What’s insulation?• Water used for cooling• Often no effluent treatment
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Domestic
• Uses lower temperatures
• Low chemical usage• Direct heating– Water heated in
machine
• Or from insulated hot water source
• Always to an ETP
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Durability means Sustainability
• 150 l/kg per kg to produce
• (20,150 l/kg for cotton)• 15 l/kg per kg to wash• Items washed 10 times
or less have bigger production impact!
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Durability means Sustainability
• Factor in cotton growing
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Is water used or ‘borrowed’?
• Some always used– (evaporation)
• It’s never put back in form it was taken
• Water-recycling massively under-utilised
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Fashion Crime
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Number 1 Fashion Crime
•Pollution• Most pollution is where
water is plentiful– India– Bangladesh– China
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Actions
• Shift focus to textile production• Priority
1. Traceability2. Compliance with environmental laws3. Reduction in needless textile consumption4. Reduction in water consumption
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Traceability – The foundation of everything
• How to achieve it– Legislation?– Shame, Pressure?– Brand co-operation?– Fashion media
• Everyone fears traceability– “commercial sensitivities”– Fear of what will be found
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Compliance
• Who?– Retailers?• Makes them higher cost
– Governments?• Short term damage to economy
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Textile Consumption
• Lower volumes• Higher value• Prices to reflect true
cost• Taxes based on volumes
bought/sold?
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Reducing Water Consumption
• Evolution or revolution?– Right first time– Best available technology – Re-cycling – Liquid carbon dioxide– Marginalisation of cotton (Kyoto style targets)– Product labelling based on facts not hype
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Summary
• Water ‘use’ is not always an issue• Pollution is the major issue• Energy use associated with water use is a
major issue• Focus on industry not domestic• Best practice could halve water consumption
in dyeing