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Water is life
Virtually everything we do or use each day involves water. Yet, we do not give it the importance that is due to it. India will soon be a water-stressed country and we all need to work towards our water security. Simple actions can be adopted to reduce the wastage of water and use it wisely.
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Water audit for a school
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• INTRODUCTION– What is a Water Audit? – How does it help?– Importance of Water Audit – Myths– Audit types
• AUDIT PROCESS– Conducting Audits – First Steps– Measurements, Water Consumption– Water consumption Pattern
• MOVING AHEAD– Identifying and Fixing the Problem– Water Conservation– Awareness
CONTENTS
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Definition: Water Audit is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of water consumption to identify means of Reducing, Reusing and Recycling of water.
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD4
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HOW DOES IT HELP?
• A water audit can help save money by reducing school water bills
• Water conservation helps our cities – Cities are stressed for water resources.
• A water audit will help reduce wastage and unnecessary use.
• It makes the students more aware and responsible.
• A water audit can be a student project that encompasses a number of subjects
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD5
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It is possible to cut your water usage by 10-30% by implementing simple conservation measures
DID YOU KNOW?
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD6
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IMPORTANCE OF WATER AUDIT
• Systematic process
• May yield some surprising results
• Easier to work on solutions when the problems are identified
• A tracking mechanism can be put into place
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD7
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MYTHS
Doesn’t compromise on quality of water
Doesn’t make water a priority over studies
Doesn't require the student to stay beyond school hours
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AUDIT PROCESS
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Planning and process finalization
AUDIT PROCESS
Measurements
Calculations
Audit observations
Report
Discussions
Zeroing in on conservation steps that can be taken
Implementation
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD10
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Decide the time period of your water audit
1 day/yr, 1 wk/yr, 1 month/yr, 1 day/Season
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD11
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FIRST STEPS MEASUREMENTS
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD12
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What are the sources of water for the school ?
• Municipal supply• Bore well• Dug well• Tankers • Others
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
MEASUREMENTS- SUPPLY
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Bore well and Dug well supplies…
1. Measure flow rate ( time taken to fill a 10 litre bucket at the outlet of the pump.)
3. Use these two to calculate the quantity of water withdrawn
2. Keep a track of number of hours the pump is on in a day (record every day of the week for two weeks).
FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
Estimate the quantity of water supplied from each source
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Estimate the quantity of water supplied from each source
MEASUREMENTS- SUPPLY
Municipal SupplyTabulate monthly municipal water supply (from bills) for the past three years in the supply tracking sheet
For tankers….Using bills, tabulate the amount of water received on a monthly basis using the supply tracking sheet
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD14
Tabulate consumption patterns and depict using graphical tools
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Map the water points and usage areas• Draw a plan of the school premises showing the building and main features. • Mark the water supply inlets and storage tanks
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS
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Municipal supplyBore wellDug wellTankers
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•Mark all water points (toilets, hand wash points, Sinks in labs, drinking water fountains, canteen, irrigation taps, water meters, pumps etc.
•Identify each point with an alphanumeric code
•Colour code freshwater and waste water lines
• Mark where the waste water goes.
• Mark the storm water drain system in the premises, if any.
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD17
FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS
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L1 L2 L3 L4 L5
GT1 GT2 GT3 GT4
BT1 BT2 BT3 BT4
L- INLETL- OUTLET
GT- INLET
GT- OUTLET
BT- INLET
BT- OUTLET
CT1 CT2 CT3
C- INLET
C- OUTLET
WASH
BOYS TOILET
GARDEN
WATER TANK
PUMP HOUSE
WATER INLET
DRAIN PIPE
MUNCIPALITY SEWER
DRINKING TAP
GIRLS TOILET
WASH
LAB
KITCHEN
WATER TANK
DRAIN PIPE
Municipal supplyBore wellDug wellTankers
DN1
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD18
UNDERGROUND SUMP
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DRAW A WATER FLOW CHART
Supply
WashingW1 W2 Wn
GardeningG1 G2 Gn
DrinkingD1 D2 Dn
Underground Sump
ToiletsT1 T2 Tn
Sewage
Overhead Tank
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
FIRST STEPS- MEASUREMENTS
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Calculations :water consumption
• Can you meter water consumption at various inlet points?
• Meters are expensive.
• Can you purchase one meter and use it in rotation to monitor water use at different locations?
• If you cannot afford a meter, use surveys, observations and calculations
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD20
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• Calculate the flow of water using a measuring jar and a stop watch.
• Monitor / survey the time for which the tap is open in a day.
• Fill this data in the consumption tracking sheet.
Estimating Water use without a meter
Calculations,
water consumption
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
Calculate the quantity of water that flows out through each tap.
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• To calculate flow of toilets, turn off the water supply to the toilet, mark the water line on the inside of the tank, flush and then fill the tank with water from mug.
• Measure the volume of one mug and record number of mugs required to fill water back up to the water line mark.
• Monitor / survey the number of times each toilet is used.
•Fill this data in the consumption tracking sheet. INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
Calculations, water Consumption
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• Follow similar procedures to estimate water use at each water outlet.
• The consumption tracking sheet will help you calculate the total quantity of water used in a day.
Calculations, water consumption
Estimating Water use without a meter
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
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AUDIT OBSERVATIONS
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Speak to the person in charge of the water valves and pumps.
• Is water usage planned or is pump switched on when water levels in the tank are low?
• What monitoring mechanisms are in place to check tank overflow?
• How often does the tank overflow?
• How much water is wasted each time the tank overflows?
SUPPLY INPUT
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD25
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FIXTURES AND FITTINGS
• At each water outlet point make a note of:
• Type of fixture (dual flush toilet, capacity of flush tank, type of tap spring-loaded / screw type / lever, etc.)
• Notice condition of fixtures – dirty, stuck, leaking, broken etc.
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD26
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ANALYSIS AND REPORT
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WATER CONSUMPTION PATTERN
When tabulating the consumption patterns, you may come across varied results from the normal.
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD28
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Consumption of water in winter may be less
Consumption of water in summer just before the holidays may be high
Rainy season – you might not consume water for gardening purpose
Exams, Weekends and Holidays – water consumption
is likely to be less
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
Allow for variations due to the above reasons when you are analysing the tabulated results
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Supply
Overhead Tank
Washing Toilets Gardening Drinking
X
Y = ?X
0.4Y 0.25Y 0.3Y 0.05Y
Sewage
Underground Sump
Leaks Leaks
Quantify water use in a Flowchart INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
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IS THERE A PROBLEM?
Ideal scenario : no losses
There is a problem : losses > 30%
Average scenario : 15 – 30% losses
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD
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DISCUSSIONS AND TAKING THE RIGHT STEPS
MOVING AHEAD
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FIRST, FIX THE PROBLEMS
• Identify the points where there are losses
• Identify the solutions
• Assign the responsibility for implementation.
• Implement the solutions
• Prepare a Monitoring schedule
• Assign a person for monitoring.
Leaks and overflow
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD33
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4. List down your Suggestions for each area where water is used
1. Represent water usage graphically
WAYS TO CONSERVE WATER
2. Identify areas where water can be conserved
3. Conduct Group discussions and brainstorming sessions
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MOVING AHEAD34
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Keep a check on hoses in the garden
Try out efficient devices like the spray nozzles
Drip Irrigation
Plant native plants that require less water
Change the ground surfaces and vegetation to control run off in the school grounds
Water the roots of the plant and don't splash water all around
WAYS TO CONSERVE WATER
Garden
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AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD35
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Toilets and washing points
• Reduce the flush water volume in toilets.
• Replace single flush cisterns with dual flush
• Install low flow fixtures for taps.
WAYS TO CONSERVE WATER
Install a rainwater harvesting system and use the water for toilets, cleaning floors and gardening.
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MOVING AHEAD36
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Suggest solutions for these spaces.
Can the water from the wash area be diverted to the garden area for watering the plants ?
TOILET
WASH
LAB
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AUDIT PROCESS
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1. Create interesting awareness programmes.
2. Praise the water audit and water conservation teams during assembly.
3. Request students not to play with water taps.
AWARENESS
INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD38
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DARWIN ADVISES
• Everything evolves, including water conservation programs.
• Learn from other schools what works and what doesn’t.
• Analyze your situation for the pieces that fit.
• Document….document…. to disseminate it to others.
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INTRODUCTION
AUDIT PROCESS
MOVING AHEAD