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Water, Biogeography, and Food
Finish Global Climate Change Water Resources Biogeography Food Resources Introduction to King Corn
For Next Class: Read background on King Corn at http://www.kingcorn.net/
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Main Drivers of Climate Change
IPCC 2013
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Indicators of Climate Change
IPCC 2013
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What are some Anthropogenic Influences on Climate?
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What are some Anthropogenic Influences on Climate?
Greenhouse gasesAerosols – suspended particulatesLand use/land cover change
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A rectangular piece of coal in a wagon is on display in the middle of Pacific Avenue In Tacoma before the arrival of President Harrison in May, 1891.
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Life Magazine (1962)
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Main Drivers of Climate Change
IPCC 2013
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Natural Forcings?Variations in Solar RadiationVolcanoesChanges in Oceanic and Atmospheric Circulation
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No denying that the anthropogenic
warming is playing a role:
Question is how much?
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Ocean and Freshwater Distribution
Figure 7.3
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Water Resources
• If total global water supply was 100 liters, then:– 3 liters = freshwater– 0.003 liters (~1/2 teaspoon) readily
available to humans
• Water Stress: term that identifies greatest water resource problems
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Global Water Stress
Figure 2.18
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Four Areas of Concern
Water scarcity (e.g., limited availability) Water sanitation (e.g., polluted water) Water access (e.g., distance, time, cost) Water resource management (e.g., conflict, borders,
and inefficencies)
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Bioregions (Closely resemble climate regions)
Figure 2.20
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Examples of Bioregions – Forests
Tropical Rain Forest Temperate Forest
Figure 2.21 Figure 2.24
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Deserts and Steppes
Desertification in Marginal Lands
Figure 2.23
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Food and Agriculture
How do you choose what you eat? Cost? Quality? Production Methods? Where it was produced?
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Green Revolution
• Increases in food production – Since 1950s
• New agricultural techniques
• Chemical fertilizers and pesticides
Planting Rice in the Rishi Valley ofAndhra Pradesh state in India
Figure 2.26
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Green Revolution (cont’d)
• First Stage: Three processes1. Traditional mixed crops monocrops2. Increase intensity
• Water, fertilizer, and pesticides3. Reduce fallow time between seasonal
crops
• Second Stage: Since 1970s– New crops bred for tropical and
subtropical climates– Multiple crops in one parcel
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Increased Food Production
• Environmental Costs– Fossil Fuel Use– Habitat Fragmentation/Damage– Pollution: Water and Air
• Social– Financial Costs– Social Inequalities
Figure 2.27
Cattle Ranching inWestern Brazil
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Global Food Problems and Projections
It is in fact local and regional problems that often keep people from obtaining food!
Political problems are usually more important than natural events (drought/flooding).
Food security in Africa and South Asia are of particular concern.• Africa was self-sufficient in food until 1970!
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King Corn
http://www.kingcorn.net/