Warm Up: What was the League of Nations? What was the main goal of the League of Nations? What was the main fault of the League of Nations?
Standards Objective
10.8.3 - Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions, with emphasis on the importance of geographic factors.
10.9.1 - Compare the economic and military power shifts caused by the war, including the Yalta Pact, the development of nuclear weapons, Soviet control over Eastern European nations, and the economic recoveries of Germany and Japan.
I will be able to organize information for the different conferences during and after World War 2 and infer the reasoning behind why the Cold War begins.
The Atlantic Conference aboard the USS Augusta
The Atlantic Conference and Charter President Roosevelt and PM Churchill meet
on August 9 and 10, 1941 Meet in Newfoundland on the USS Augusta
Purpose: Discuss a postwar international system and to restore self-governing countriesDrafted 8 common principles to support after the
war Allies don’t believe that the Soviet Union can
hold off Hitler for very longGreat Britain wants the US to get involved
○ This was also to protect the British colonies such as India and Egypt
8 Common Principles Both countries (US and UK) agreed not to seek
territorial expansion to seek the reform of international trade;
Wanted to make a global economy to establish freedom of the seas, international labor, economic, and welfare
standards. supporting the restoration of self-governments
for all countries that had been occupied during the war and allowing all peoples to choose their own form of government
Reactions to the Atlantic Conference The United States reacted in poor favor of the
Atlantic conferenceWanted to stay isolated from Europe
○ Roosevelt hoped that the Charter might encourage the American people to back U.S. intervention in World War II on behalf of the Allies
Churchill wanted to get the US into World War 2Upset because Roosevelt would not discuss this, but
rather focused on the international systemHe wanted this also to help protect British colonies in
SE AsiaAlthough the US does not join, this agreement does
raise morale in the UK
Tehran Conference
The Tehran Conference
Purpose: to coordinate their attack against Germany and Japan. Discussion of Operation Overlord
○ Stalin did not fully believe that the British and US were committed to a 2 front war.
Stalin would declare war on Japan after a victory in Europe○ He would only join if he was to get
territory (conceded by Roosevelt)
President Roosevelt, Premier Stalin and PM Churchill meet on November 28 to December 1, 1943. The Three meet in Tehran, Iran
Eastern Europe, Germany at Tehran The Baltics would only rejoin the Soviet
Union if they voted to rejoin the Soviet UnionStalin wanted no international interference in
the voting process Poland’s borders were redrawn The idea of Germany being occupied
was brought up as a discussion point
Other Points From Tehran Proposed the future United Nations would be dominated by
“four policemen” the United States, Britain, China, and Soviet Union “would have the power to deal immediately with any threat to the
peace and any sudden emergency which requires action.” Big Three issued Declaration of the Three Powers Regarding
Iran thanked the Iranian Government for its assistance in the war
against Germany promised to provide it with economic assistance both during and
after the war Roosevelt believe he won because of what he got from the
Soviet Union Stalin also is believe the Soviet Union won because he secured
more territories
Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference Stalin (USSR), Roosevelt (US), Churchill (UK)
were in attendance. Conference held at Yalta, Crimea, Ukraine on February
4-11 1945 This conference took place before the Germans
surrendered Purpose: To discuss what would happen to
Germany after the war in Europe ends and to discuss how to attack Japan
Roosevelt wants the UN, Stalin wants to protect against future German invasions, and Churchill wants to not give Stalin too much power
Main ideas: peace and security
Yalta Agreement
Agreed upon the following items: divide Germany into four ‘zones’, which Britain, France, the
USA and the USSR would occupy after the war. bring Nazi war-criminals to trial. set up a Polish Provisional Government of National Unity
'pledged to the holding of free and unfettered elections as soon as possible'.
help the freed peoples of Europe set up democratic and self-governing countries by helping them to ○ (a) maintain law and order; ○ (b) carry out emergency relief measures; ○ (c) set up governments; and ○ (d) hold elections
this was called the Declaration of Liberated Europe
set up a commission to look into the amount of reparations.
Yalta and The Big Three Russia wins the Yalta Conference by getting the
most Russia would join the war in the Pacific, in return for
occupation zones in North Korea and Manchuria.○ This was without the knowledge of Britain or China (who it
greatly affected)
Russia also agreed to join the United Nations.Both of these were due to the US insistence in
having the USSR help in the war in pacific Tensions would build due to Poland
US and GB want it to be a free elected state while the USSR want Poland apart of the Eastern Bloc
Roosevelt is criticized for giving up too much to Stalin
Divide and Conquer! On your map, divide up Germany into 4 parts
and label which countries should get what!FranceBritainUnited StatesSoviet Union
Copy how your elbow buddy’s map and compare how they decided to divide it.
Find someone of the opposite gender in the class who has a division different that you and your partner!
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference
Attended by President Truman (US), Premier Stalin (USSR), and new PM Attlee replacing Churchill (UK)Met in Potsdam, Germany on July 17th to August 2,
1945. Known as the “Treaty of Versailles of World War II” Purpose: negotiate the end of the War in the Pacific
and determine the post war borders of Europe The Big Three disagreed on
○ the details of how to divide Germany.○ the size of reparations Germany have to pay.○ Russian influence over the countries of Eastern Europe.
Three Factors before the Potsdam Conference Relations between the superpowers had worsened
considerably since Yalta. In March 1945, Stalin had invited the non-Communist Polish
leaders to meet him, and arrested them. In April 1945, Roosevelt dies, and America had a new
president, Truman, who was inclined to ‘get tough’ with the Russians.
Also, soon after he had arrived at the Conference, Truman learned (on 21 July) that America had tested the first atomic bomb. It gave the Americans a huge military advantage over
everyone else. It also meant that Truman didn't need Stalin's help in Japan.
○ What do you think happened or will happen due to this factor?
The Result of Potsdam The Big Three agreed on
to set up the four ‘zones of occupation’ in Germany. The Nazi Party, government and laws were to be destroyed,
and 'German education shall be so controlled as completely to eliminate Nazi and militarist doctrines and to make possible the successful development of democratic ideas.
to bring Nazi war-criminals to trial. to recognize the Polish Provisional Government of National
Unity and hold 'free and unfettered elections as soon as possible'.
Russia was allowed to take reparations from the Soviet Zone, and also 10% of the industrial equipment of the western zones as reparations. America and Britain could take reparations from their zones if they wished.
Division of Germany
Check for Understanding!
This cartoon was drawn after the Potsdam Conference. How is this a representation of the results of Potsdam?
The United Nations
Q: How did the United Nations begin to form from the Atlantic conference to its creation?
A:Atlantic Conference
○ Part of the purpose of the Atlantic Conference was to discuss a postwar international system
Tehran Conference○ Proposed the future United Nations would be dominated
by “four policemen” Yalta Conference
○ Outlined in the Yalta Agreement that they would begin to create the United Nations
○ Russia also agreed to join the United Nations.
What is the UN?
The United Nations was a new version of the League of NationsObjective is to keep peace and assist
people who need the helpPromote human rights around the worldOffer security to those in need
Security Council – 5 countries who cannot be kicked offUSSR, US, France, Great Britain, and China
Thinking Ahead
What event do you think comes as a direct result of the Potsdam Conference?
What do you think might have played a role in this event from the conferences we have learned?