WARM UP
• Wednesday, March 20, 2013
• Which process creates a protein (RNA to protein)?
Bacteria Notes
Objectives
1) Identify the parts of a bacterial cell.
2) Describe real world roles bacteria fill in our environment.
REVIEW: 2 Kingdoms1) Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria)
– Largest bacterial kingdom– Cell walls contain peptidoglycan
2) Archaebacteria (Domain Archae)– “ancient” bacteria– Live in extreme environments
•ALL bacteria = PROKARYOTIC– Simple– No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Classification: Shapes• Different shapes
1) Bacilli = rod shaped bacteria
2) Cocci = sphere shaped bacteria
3) Spirilla = spiral/corkscrew
shaped bacteria
Classification: Movement• Types movement:
1) Non-motile = do NOT move
2) Motile = move around
a. Flagella = whiplike structure
b. Gliding = secrete a slime
Classification: Grouping• Types grouping:
1) “Diplo” = group of 2
2) “Staphylo” – grapelike clusters
3) “Strepto” - chains
Classification: Cell Wall• Determined by Gram Staining
1) Gram positive = stain purple because have peptidoglycan in cell wall
- Thicker cell wall
- Less pathogenic
- Pathogenic = less likely to cause disease)
2) Gram negative = stain red because lack peptidoglycan in cell wall
- Thinner cell wall
- Generally more pathogenic
Classification: Metabolism• Types:
1) Photoautotrophs = Make own energy- use sunlight & photosynthesis
2) Chemoautotrophs = make own energy
- use CO2 to make energy- do NOT require light
3) Photoheterotrophs = Make own food & consume others- use sunlight & photosynthesis - take in organic materials
4) Chemoheterotrophs = Consume others - take in organic materials
Classification: Energy Release• Types:
1) Obligate aerobes = require constant supply O2 to live Ex: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis , AKA TB)
Classification: Energy Release• Types:
2) Obligate anaerobes = require absence O2 to live
Ex: Clostridium botulinum (botulism)
3) Facultative anaerobes = can live w/ or w/o O2, but most live w/o
Ex: Escherichia coli (found in gut warm blooded organisms)
Classification: Growth & Reproduction
• Types:1) Binary Fission = mitosis single-celled organism
Classification: Growth & Reproduction
• Types:2) Conjugation = exchange genetic material from 1 bacterial cell to another
Classification: Growth & Reproduction
• Types:3) Endospore Formation = used when growth conditions are unfavorable
• Endospores sit dormant • Conditions improve then reproduce
Importance of Bacteria
• Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrogen fixation– Take N2 gas from
atmosphere– Convert to ammonia
NH3
• Decomposers
Importance of Bacteria• Human uses:
– Make food such as yogurt & cheese– Breakdown wastes in water (= bioremediation)– Sprayed on oil spills to help break down
hydrocarbons– Live in intestines to help w/ digestion & make
vitamins our bodies can’t make.
Antibiotic Resistance Article
• Read article provided.
• The article has been divided into 4 sections.
• Write a 9-12 word summary for each of these sections.
• Each summary will be worth 1 stamp.
WARM UP
• Thursday, March 21, 2013
• What is a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule?
Objectives
1) Compare and contrast bacteria and viruses
2) Describe how bacteria and viruses have both positive and negative impacts on our lives.
Viral Simulation Lab
• Follow instructions given by teacher.
• Complete class chart.
• Answer questions on provided paper. You may use the back side of the sheet if needed.
Virus vs Bacteria TableCharacteristic Virus Bacteria Both
1. Living
2. Non-Living
3. Need host cell
4. Vaccinations for prevention
5. Can be treated w/ antibiotics
6. Made of prokaryotic cells
7. Can cause disease
8. Examples: Small Pox, HIV, Herpes
9. Have nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)
10. Examples: Strep Throat, Cholera, TB
Virus vs Bacteria TableCharacteristic Virus Bacteria Both
1. Living x
2. Non-Living x
3. Need host cell x
4. Vaccinations for prevention x
5. Can be treated w/ antibiotics x
6. Made of prokaryotic cells x
7. Can cause disease x
8. Examples: Small Pox, HIV, Herpes x
9. Have nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) x
10. Examples: Strep Throat, Cholera, TB x
Virus vs Bacteria Worksheet