Warm Up
Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper.
1. What is the smallest thing known to man?
2. What is everything made out of?
CW: 1) Warm Up2) Video VocabHW: 1) None
Thought Question
Directions – Answer the following question in your notebook:
1. A scientist posed the argument that you never actually touch anything. He said this because of the positive and negative charges in an atom. Hint: Think of a magnet. Do you agree or disagree and why?
Atom Video Vocabulary
Directions: Divide your paper into 2 columns. Label the left column Before Videos and the right Column After Video. Copy the words into each side of the column.1. Atomic theory2. Atom3. Nucleus4. Proton5. Neutron6. Electron
Atom Video Vocabulary
Directions: As you watch the videos, you need to come up with a definition in your own words for each of the following words:
1. Atomic theory2. Atom3. Nucleus4. Proton5. Neutron6. Electron
Atomic Theory Exit Ticket
Draw a picture of an atom and label all of its parts.
Warm Up
If everything is made up of millions of individual atoms, why are objects solid and why don’t they fall apart into separate individual atoms?
CW: 1) Warm Up2) Video VocabHW: 1) None
Thought Question
Directions – Answer the following question in your notebook:
1. A scientist posed the argument that you never actually touch anything. He said this because of the positive and negative charges in an atom. Hint: Think of a magnet. Do you agree or disagree and why? USE THE INFORMATION YOU HAVE GATHERED TO BACK UP YOUR POINT!
Name: Nelda Neutron
Description:Neutral
Favorite Activity:Hanging out at the Nucleus Arcade
In the center of Matterville, there is a place called the Nucleus Arcade, where two members of the Atoms Family like to hang out. Perky Patty Proton, like her sisters, is quite large with a huge smile and eyes that sparkle (+). Patty is always happy and has a very positive personality. Nerdy Nelda Neutron is large like Patty, but she has a boring, flat mouth and eyes with zero expression (o). Her family is very apathetic and neutral about everything. Patty, Nelda, and their sisters spend all their time at the arcade.
The Atoms Family Story
Name: Patty Proton
Description:Positive
Favorite Activity:Hanging out at the Nucleus Arcade
Name: Elliott Electron
Description:Negative
Favorite Activity:Racing around the arcade
Around the Nucleus Arcade, you will find a series of roadways that are used by another member of the Atoms Family, Enraged Elliott Electron. Elliott races madly around the Arcade on his bright red chrome-plated Harley-Davidson. He rides so fast that no one can be sure where he is at any time. Elliott is much smaller than Patty and Nelda and he is always angry because these bigger relatives will not let him in the Arcade. He has a frown on his face, eyes that are squinted with anger, and a very negative (-) attitude.
The first energy street can only hold only two Electron brothers. The second energy street, called the Energy Freeway, can hold 8 brothers. The third energy street, called the Energy Superhighway, can hold 18 of the brothers.
Nucleus ArcadeContains protons & neutrons
Energy Freeway Can hold 8 electrons
Energy Superhighway Can hold 18 electrons
Energy Street Can hold 2
electrons
The morale of Matterville is stable as long as each negative Electron brother is balanced out by one positive Proton sister. The number of residents in Matterville depends on the Proton and Neutron families.
Challenge: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if one Elliott Electron was kidnapped?
Challenge 2: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if one Elliott Electron moved to Matterville?
1st Verse:They’re tiny and they’re teeny,Much smaller than a beany,They never can be seeny,The Atoms Family.Chorus
2nd Verse:Together they make gases,And liquids like molasses,And all the solid masses,The Atoms FamilyChorus
3rd Verse:Neutrons can be found,Where protons hang around;Electrons they surroundThe Atoms Family.Chorus
Chorus:They are so small.(Snap, snap)They’re round like a ball.(Snap, snap)They make up the air.They’re everywhere.Can’t see them at all.(Snap, snap)
They’re tiny and they’re teeny,Much smaller than a beany,They never can be seeny,The Atoms Family.
They are so small.(Snap, snap)
They’re round like a ball.(Snap, snap)
They make up the air.They’re everywhere.Can’t see them at all.(Snap, snap)
Together they make gases,And liquids like molasses,And all the solid masses,The Atoms Family
They are so small.(Snap, snap)
They’re round like a ball.(Snap, snap)
They make up the air.They’re everywhere.Can’t see them at all.(Snap, snap)
Neutrons can be found,Where protons hang around;Electrons they surroundThe Atoms Family.
They are so small.(Snap, snap)
They’re round like a ball.(Snap, snap)
They make up the air.They’re everywhere.Can’t see them at all.(Snap, snap)
Atom
• The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons.
22
Atomic Theory
Atoms are building blocks of elements
Similar atoms in each elementDifferent from atoms of other elements
Two or more different atoms can bond to form
compounds
23
Location of Subatomic Particles
electrons
protons
neutrons
nucleus
24
Subatomic Particles
Particle Symbol Charge RelativeMass
Electron e- - 0 amu
Proton p+ + 1 amu
Neutron n 0 1amu
25
Atomic Number
Counts the number of
Protons and Electronsin an atom
26
Atomic Number on the Periodic Table
11
Na
Atomic Number
Symbol
27
All atoms of an element have the same number of protons
11
Na
11 protons and 11 electrons
Sodium
28
Number of Electrons
An atom is neutral The net charge is zeroNumber of protons = Number of electronsAtomic number = Number of electrons
29
Atomic Mass
Counts the number of
protons and neutronsin an atom
30
Subatomic Particles in Some Atoms
16 31 65 O P Zn 8 15 30
8 p+
8 n8 e-
15 p+
16 n15 e-
30 p+
35 n30 e-
LecturePLUS Timberlake 31
Atom Exit Ticket
• How are a more positive and a more negative atom different? You can explain your answer in words or with a picture.
LecturePLUS Timberlake 32
Atom Exit Ticket #2
24 27 209 Mg Al Bi 12 13 83
Warm Up
1. Where do you find the Sub-Atomic particles?
2. Describe what one characteristic about an atom determines that it is different from all other atoms?
CW: 1) Warm Up2) Atom NotesHW: 1) Atomic Math Worksheet
34
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons, but
different numbers of neutrons. Atoms of the same element (same atomic
number) with different mass numbers Isotopes of chlorine
35Cl 37Cl17 17
chlorine - 35 chlorine - 37
Warm Up• Draw a picture of the
following Atom:
Carbon
CW: 1) Warm Up2) Atom NotesHW: 1) Draw the Atom Worksheet
Atom Exit Ticket
24 27 209 Mg Al Bi 12 13 83
Element Model
37
Draw an Atom Check list
1. Find the Atom on the Periodic Table2. Write down the Atomic Number and the Atomic Mass3. Figure out how many Protons, Neutrons and Electrons it
has4. Draw with Nucleus labeling protons and neutrons5. Draw the Energy Street, Freeway and Superhighway6. Label each Energy Street with the number of electrons it
can hold (2, 8, 18)7. Begin drawing the electrons onto the streets.
1. Be sure to start with the innermost streets first2. Only draw the number of electrons that your atom actually has.
Day 1 Mini lesson
Nucleus 2 electrons
8 electrons
18 electrons
Day 1 Mini Lesson
• Draw the following Atoms: Hydrogen, Carbon, sodium
Atomic theory exit Ticket
• How are the Atomic Mass and the Atomic Number related to the number of sub-atomic particles in an atom?
Day 1 Expectations
By yourself, you will need to choose 3 atoms from the first 28 elements on the periodic table. (You may not choose Hydrogen, Carbon, Sodium)Once you have done that, you need to figure out the following information about your element: Element NameElement SymbolAtomic NumberAtomic MassNumber of ProtonsNumber of NeutronsNumber of electronsWhat your element looks like
Drawing an Atom Check list
1. Find the atom on the periodic table.2. Write down the Atomic # and Atomic Mass3. Find the number of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons.4. Draw the correct number of Protons and Neutrons in the
Nucleus5. Draw your energy Street, Freeway and Super Highway6. Next to each energy level, Write how many electrons each
can hold.7. Begin filling in Energy levels with the correct number of
electrons (make sure to only add as many as your element has)
Gum Drop Atoms
Directions:
» Pod 1 (Nitrogen (N), Neon (Ne))» Pod 2 (Helium (He), Sodium (Na))» Pod 3 (Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg))» Pod 4 (Nickel (Ni), Phosphorous (P))» Pod 5 (Oxygen (O), Chlorine (Cl))» Pod 6 (Silicon (Si), Manganese (Mn))
Make a model of the element’s atom to teach to the class. You will need to have the following things drawn in your notebook and on the whit board: 1. What is the elements Atomic #, Atomic Mass and Symbol.2. Write out the number of protons, neutrons and electrons.3. Draw the atom.
Once you have finished, then move on to the next element.
CW: 1) Intro
atomic theory Rap
HW: 1) None
Atomic theory rap
• Directions:– You and max 2 partners need to come up with a
rap/song where you explain how the atomic model has changed over the years.
– the rap needs to include a description of the following models:
• Dalton’s Plum pudding• Thompson’s Model• Rutherford’s Model• Bohr Model• Present Day (Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle)
I am Talking To you
• Prompt: You are writing to one of your favorite teachers. Apply concepts you have learned to explain to your favorite teacher how elements are different.
WU - Atomic Math
Directions: Answer the following question.22Ti
Titanium47.867
Atomic # = ______Atomic Mass = _________# of Protons = ________
# of Neutrons = ________# of Electrons = ________
CW: 1) Warm Up2) Molecule
NotesHW: 1) None
Elements, Molecules and Compounds
The Language of ChemistryThe Language of Chemistry• CHEMICAL ELEMENTS -
– pure substances that cannot be decomposed by ordinary means to other substances.
SodiumBromine
Aluminum
The red compound is composed of• nickel (Ni) (silver)• carbon (C) (black)• hydrogen (H) (white) • oxygen (O) (red)• nitrogen (N) (blue)
The red compound is composed of• nickel (Ni) (silver)• carbon (C) (black)• hydrogen (H) (white) • oxygen (O) (red)• nitrogen (N) (blue)
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS are composed of atoms and so can be decomposed to those atoms. Atoms of the same and different elements are bonded together.
Compounds
–composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
–properties differ from those of individual elements
–EX: table salt (NaCl)
A MOLECULE is the smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical characteristics of the compound.
Composition of molecules is given by a MOLECULAR FORMULA
H2O C8H10N4O2 - caffeine
Diatomic Molecule: Molecule composed of 2 atoms of the same element
ELEMENTS THAT EXIST AS DIATOMIC MOLECULES
ELEMENTS THAT EXIST AS DIATOMIC MOLECULES
Remember:
BrINClHOFThese elements only exist as
PAIRS. Note that when they
combine to make compounds, they
are no longer elements so they are no longer in
pairs!
The Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)
Group 1A: Alkali MetalsGroup 1A: Alkali Metals
•All Metal except for Hydrogen•1 electron on the outermost road
Magnesium
Magnesium oxide
Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals
•Metal•2 electrons on the outermost road
Transition ElementsTransition Elements
Lanthanides and actinides
•Metal
Group 7A: The Halogens (salt makers) F, Cl, Br, I, At
Group 7A: The Halogens (salt makers) F, Cl, Br, I, At
•Non-Metal•7 electrons on the outermost road
Group 8A: The Noble (Inert) Gases
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Group 8A: The Noble (Inert) Gases
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn• Lighter than air
balloons• “Neon” signs• Very Un-reactive
because they have 8 electrons on the outermost road
Elements want 8 electrons on outer road
XeOF4XeOF4
• Elements want 8 electrons on outer road• 1a – 1 electron• 2a – 2 electrons• 3a – 3 electrons• 4a – 4 electrons• 5a – 5 electrons• 6a – 6 electrons• 7a – 7 electrons• 8a – 8 electrons
Chemical Bonding
• The two main types of chemical bonds are:– Ionic Bonds– Covalent Bonds
• Ionic Bonds: Metals bonding with non-metals– Example: NaCl, CaCl2, K2O
• Covalent Bonds: Formed by sharing electron pairs
– Example: O2, CO2, C2H6, H2O, SiC
Properties of Ionic Bonds:• Tight crystal structure makes ionic bond hard,
rigid, and brittle.
• Solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricity– Because melted ionic compounds are not in a crystal
structure, the ionic charge allows electricity to be conducted.
• The lattice of ionic compounds is so stable that these compounds have a high melting point.
• Will dissolve in water
Covalent Compounds:
• Covalent bonds form between non-metals.• Covalent bonds occur when two atoms share
electrons to fill their valence shell (have 8 electrons around them).
What a covalent bond looks like:
Metallic Bonds
• Occur between metal and metal.
• Electrons are pooled, forming a “sea of electrons,” such that the electrons flow from atom to atom, thereby holding them together.
The red compound is composed of• nickel (Ni) (silver)• carbon (C) (black)• hydrogen (H) (white) • oxygen (O) (red)• nitrogen (N) (blue)
The red compound is composed of• nickel (Ni) (silver)• carbon (C) (black)• hydrogen (H) (white) • oxygen (O) (red)• nitrogen (N) (blue)
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS are composed of atoms and so can be decomposed to those atoms.
Compounds
– composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
– properties differ from those of individual elements
– EX: table salt (NaCl)
A MOLECULE is the smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical characteristics of the compound.
Composition of molecules is given by a MOLECULAR FORMULA
H2O C8H10N4O2 - caffeine
Draw the Atom Exit Ticket
• Draw an atom of Lithium (Li). Be sure to properly label the correct number of sub-atomic particles.