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War in the Pacific
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1931 invasion of Manchuria with plans to take southeast Asia
1937 capture Nanking, embarking on deadly rampage killing 200,000 Chinese
1941 Japan intended to invade Dutch East Indies for its resources to build military
1941 Roosevelt announced a trade embargo against Japan to stop its military build up
Japanese expansion until 1941
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Pearl Harbor
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December 7, 1941, Sunday morning
183 Japanese aircraftSank or disabled 18 ships,
including all battleshipsKilled 2,400 AmericansWounded 1,000
Attack on Pearl Harbor“a date that will live in infamy.”
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USS Arizona and aerial photo taken by a Japanese pilot
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December 8, 1941 Congress declared war on Japan
December 11, 1941 Germany and Italy declared war on the US in support of Japan because of the pact of 1940
“Tripartite Pact” a defensive alliance 1940
Declaration of War
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General Hideki Tojo
Japanese general, a militarist who seized control of government in October 1941. He has been considered most influential in attacking Pearl Harbor.
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Emperor Hirohito
Royal Emperor of Japan
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Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Japan’s leading military strategist who urged quick action to take the South Pacific before America could act
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If Japan captured the Philippines early in the war, it would dominate the entire South Pacific, expanding its goal of a Japan-controlled Asia.
Japan assaulted the Philippines early in 1942. American commander General Douglas
MacArthur was forced to retreat to Australia. He left behind part of his army who, along
with Filipino soldiers, were captured
Philippines
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General Douglas MacArthur
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Began on April 9, 1942 when 70,000 Filipino and American troops surrendered to Japanese troops on the Bataan Peninsula.
General MacArthur left thousands of troops behind.
The 65-mile march to a concentration camp cost an unknown number of lives.
16,000 died in the camp
The Bataan Death March
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Bataan Death March
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1. Recapture Philippine Islands and help China combat the Japanese
2. Island hopping, one by one to get close enough to attack Japan itself
US strategy in the Pacific
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Battle of Midway, June 1942 Guadalcanal August 7, 1942 and February
9, 1943 New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Gilbert and
Marshall Islands, Tarawa 23 to 26 October 1944, Allies invaded
Philippines, three-day Battle of Leyte Gulf, generally considered to be the largest naval battle of WWII, and perhaps in history; objective of allies was to deprive its Japan of vital oil supplies;
Iwo Jima, February 19 – March 26, 1945; Okinawa; carried out organized kamikaze
attacks;
Islands
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Reversed the balance of naval power in the Pacific, and put Japanese at a disadvantage for the rest of the war
Japan lost four aircraft carriers, one cruiser, two destroyers
US lost one aircraft carrier and one destroyer
This battle turned the tide of the war toward the US
Japan never recovered its Naval power
Midway, June 3-6, 1942
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Battle of Midwayflight deck of the USS Yorktown
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USS Enterprise
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GuadalcanalUSS Wasp, hit by Japanese torpedo
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Objective: deny the Japanese the use of islands as bases because it threatened supply routes between the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand;
marked the transition by the Allies from defensive operations to the strategic offensive in that theater
From defense to offense
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GuadalcanalUS Marines
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US marine, Saipan
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Leyte Gulf
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Battle of Leyte Gulf
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Iwo Jima, 1945
The photograph records the second flag-raising on the mountain, which took place on the fifth day of the 35-day battle. The picture became the iconic image of the battle and has been heavily reproduced.
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Iwo Jima
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Hiroshima, rare photo taken after the atomic bomb had been
dropped
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