![Page 1: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada -
The Potential Environmental Impacts and
the Regulatory Landscape
Matthew Gardner
Remediation Technologies Symposium (RemTech)Banff, AlbertaOctober 16, 2019
1
![Page 2: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Environmental Issues for Cannabis Growers
• Who Regulates Environmental Law and Cannabis
• Overview of Federal Environmental Regulation
• Overview of Provincial/Municipal Environmental
Regulation
• Permitting Requirements for Growers and Greenhouses
• Managing Environmental Liabilities
• Q & A
2
![Page 3: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
FOR CANNABIS
GROWERS
3
![Page 4: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Environmental Issues for Growers
• Air Emissions
• Odour
• Water
• Waste
• Greenhouses
• Pesticides
• Fertilizers
4
![Page 5: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WHO REGULATES
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
AND CANNABIS
5
![Page 6: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Constitutional Jurisdiction
• From what “supreme law” do governments derive their legal
authority to enact environmental laws?
• The Constitution Act, 1867
• is the “supreme law” to which all other laws much conform
• divides powers to make law between the federal government and
provincial governments
• notably, it does not specifically grant constitutional powers to regulate
the environment
• Federal powers: s. 91, including Peace, Order and Good
Government of Canada (POGG) power (general power)
• Provincial powers: ss. 92 and 109
6
![Page 7: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Constitutional Jurisdiction – Cannabis
Production
• Criminal Law – s. 91(27)
• Federal government regulates
• licences to grow cannabis
• production and cultivation
• cannabis facility requirements
• quality and testing
• Purpose of federal cannabis regulation:
• protect public health and safety
• deter “illicit” activities relating to cannabis
• Environmental Regulation?
7
![Page 8: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Constitutional Jurisdiction – Environment
• Federal Powers and “environment” – s. 91
• Trade and Commerce – s. 91(2)
• Taxation Power – s. 91(3)
• Navigation – s. 91(10)
• Seacoast and Fisheries – s. 91(12)
• First Nations and Aboriginals – s. 91(24)
• Criminal Law – s. 91(27)
8
![Page 9: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Constitutional Jurisdiction
• Provincial Powers and “environment” – s. 92
• Management and Sale of Public Lands – s. 92(5)
• Municipal Institutions – s. 92(8)
• Property and Civil Rights – s. 92(13)
• Matters of a Local or Private Nature – s. 92(16)
• Non-Renewable Resources, Forestry Resources and Generation
of Electrical Power – s. 92A (1982 amendment)
• Public Lands, Minerals and other Natural Resources
vest with the Province unless federally owned – s. 109
9
![Page 10: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Constitutional Jurisdiction – Environment
• The “environment” is
• constitutionally within the purview of both federal and provincial
governments
• a shared constitutional subject as affirmed by our Courts
• many elements of the environment are in fact regulated by
both levels of government
• Where there is a ‘conflict of laws’, the doctrine of
‘paramountcy’ applies and the federal law prevails over
the provincial statute, unless they can be interpreted
harmoniously
10
![Page 11: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
OVERVIEW OF
FEDERAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATION
11
![Page 12: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cannabis Regulations (Under Cannabis Act)
• Cultivation Licencing: controls chemicals used in process
• Perimeter Security: prevent unauthorized access and
monitoring
• Pesticides: pest control products must be registered for use
on cannabis
• Odours: growing and packaging areas must have air filtration
system to prevent odours
• Sanitation of Facility: Growers must develop sanitation
program for cleaning chemicals
• Documents: growers must document
destruction methods12
![Page 13: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cannabis Waste Destruction (Federal)
• Licence holder’s records must show that:
• destruction methods comply with federal, provincial,
municipal environmental laws
• destruction does not expose persons to smoke or vapour
(no burning)
• 2 qualified persons must witness destruction
13
![Page 14: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cannabis Odour Control (Federal)
• “The building or part of the building where cannabis is
produced, packaged, labelled and stored must be equipped
with a system that filters air to prevent the escape of odours”
(Cannabis Regulations, s. 85)
• Good Production Practices Guide
• air filtration system must be capable of preventing the escape of
odours and maintaining air quality
• Does federal requirement create admission that facility
produces odours/emissions for provincial/municipal
regulators?
14
![Page 15: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Other Federal Environmental Laws
• Fisheries Act
• no person shall deposit “deleterious substances” in “waters
frequented by fish”
o includes wastewater, cannabis waste
• Pest Control Products Act
• a person can only use “PCPs” (insectides, herbicides) that are
registered with the federal government
• Cannabis Regulations further limit which PCPs may be used to
28 listed substances
15
![Page 16: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
OVERVIEW OF
PROVINCIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATION
16
![Page 17: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ontario’s Environmental Protection Act
and Ontario Water Resources Act• “Spills” and “Discharges”: prohibitions where
discharge causes “adverse effect” or impairs water quality
• reporting requirements trigger on spill/discharge
• Orders: control orders, stop orders, remedial orders
• Permitting:
• Environmental Compliance Approvals (ECA)
• Environmental Activity Sector Registration (EASR)
• Permits to Take Water (PTTW)
17
![Page 18: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act
• Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA)
• Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients, management of
“Greenhouse Nutrient Feedwater” (GNF)
o Greenhouse registration
o transportation, storage, application of GNF
o soil sampling and analysis
• Cannabis growers may require
o Nutrient Management Strategy
o Non-Agricultural Source Material Plan18
![Page 19: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ontario’s Pesticides Act
• Prohibits use of pesticides that cause serious harm
to environment
• Farmers allowed to use prescribed pesticides for
farming and can obtain licence to use prohibited
pesticides
19
![Page 20: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Alberta’s Environmental Protection and
Enhancement Act (EPEA)• Release of Substances: prohibitions where substance is
released without an approval or where the release causes a
“significant adverse effect”
• reporting requirements trigger once a person who releases/permits
release knows or ought to know of the release
• Orders: environmental protection orders, emergency protection
orders
• Permitting: Director can issue approvals for projects with
“environmental impacts” on air, land, water
20
![Page 21: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Alberta Pesticide Sales Handling, Use,
and Application Regulation• Prohibits use, application, transportation, display,
disposal of pesticides likely to cause “adverse effect”
• includes strict rules concerning water use, crossing through
water, aerial application, storage
• applicators of pesticides must comply with Alberta
Environment and Parks Environmental Code of Practice for
Pesticides
21
![Page 22: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
PERMITTING
REQUIREMENTS FOR
GROWERS AND
GREENHOUSES
22
![Page 23: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Environmental Compliance Approvals
for Cannabis Farmers – EPA• Operation of devices discharging into environment
• ECA not required for facilities, equipment “used in agriculture”
o “Agriculture” is not defined in EPA
• Other statutes list examples of Agriculture
• Pesticides Act – crop production (including greenhouse crops
and tobacco)
• NMA – cultivating land, crop production, operation of
agricultural machinery, processing of products produced by
farmer
23
![Page 24: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Environmental Compliance Approvals
for Cannabis Farmers – EPA• Operation of a “waste management system” or
“waste disposal site”
• ECA not required for:
o “agricultural waste”, “waste biomass”
o GNF from a Registered Greenhouse
o Non-Agricultural Source Materials
(anaerobic digester output, biosolids)
24
![Page 25: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Environmental Compliance Approvals
for Cannabis Farmers – OWRA• Operation of “Sewage Works”
• ECA not required for sewer works if:
o it does not drain into ditch, sewer, water
o it drains land for agriculture
o for the management of GNF (counts as “sewage”) from registered greenhouse
• Operation of “Storm Water Management Facility”
• ECA not required if facility:
o services one lot/parcel
o discharges into “storm sewer” (see Quiring)
o does not service industrial land
o is not located on industrial land
25
![Page 26: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Case Study on ECA Exemptions – Quiring
Quiring v Ontario (Director, MOE) (ERT 2013)
• Mr. Quiring constructed commercial greenhouse and built
Storm Water Pond to service the site – did not obtain ECA
• SW Pond discharged into “drain” (channelized open ditch) that
flowed into Ruscom River
• MOE ordered Quiring to apply for “sewage works” ECA
under OWRA – Quiring appealed Order to ERT
26
![Page 27: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Case Study on ECA Exemptions – Quiring
• ERT found that the SW Pond required an ECA
• exception for sewage draining “land” to fulfill agricultural purposes
applies to draining agricultural fields and not to commercial
greenhouses
• ERT narrowed Stormwater Management Facility exception for
ECA
o SWM facility can service more than parcel
o A “channelized ditch” is not a storm sewer – must be a system
comprised of pipes, drains, appurtenances
• Takeaway: ECA for Sewage Works likely required for
cannabis greenhouses
27
![Page 28: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Greenhouse Nutrient Feedwater
• GNF: Material generated when nutrient solution is
removed from a closed circulation system at a
registered greenhouse
OMAFRA, Greenhouse Nutrient Feedwater
Regulation (2016)
28
![Page 29: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
GNF – Greenhouse Registration
• Registration requirement for Greenhouses is optional
• greenhouse must register to obtain GNF ECA exemption
• Registered Greenhouses must:
• calculate expected GNF, GNF storage capacity, nutrient
units each year, following GNF Management Protocol
• prepare a Nutrient Management Strategy or Nutrient
Management Plan
o may not be worth “regulatory headache”
29
![Page 30: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Alberta Compliance Requirements
• EPEA Director approval required for activities that have
environmental impacts on air, land, water
• release of substances
• waste management
• activities designated under regulations, including
o registration of services related to use/application of pesticides (AR 43/1997)
• “Single blanket approval” may be issued if project
requires more than one approval
• EPEA Director required to notify public once he/she
receives application for approval
30
![Page 31: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
OVERVIEW OF
MUNICIPAL / LOCAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATION
31
![Page 32: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Municipal v. Provincial
• Municipalities may regulate the environment, but only if
they do not “displace or frustrate” federal and provincial
regulatory schemes
• 114957 Canada Ltée (Spraytech, Société d’arrosage) v.
Hudson (Town)
• the SCC upheld the right of the Town of Hudson to restrict the
cosmetic use of pesticides, in order to protect health of its
residents
• municipal bylaws must be measured, tied directly to particular local
harms, and minimize interference with the senior government
regulatory framework.
32
![Page 33: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Municipal Compliance Requirements
By-laws and Public Notices RE:
• Air
• Odour – public health, fire services, MECP
• Max. parameters and discharge agreements
• Waste
• Municipal control of waste collection (curb side and litter)
• Water
• Development regulated through Sewer Use, including max.
parameters and discharge agreements
33
![Page 34: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Civil Liability re Nuisance
• Nuisance
• contamination on-site (soil, groundwater, indoor air)
• contaminant migration and impact off-site (groundwater, air
emissions)
• concept of “flow through” property
• causes of action and damages
34
![Page 35: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
TMS Lighting Ltd. v KJS Transport Inc. (ONCA 2014)
• Dust from KJS Transport property caused substantial and unreasonable interference with use and enjoyment of TMS lands (retail lighting manufacturer)
• Four factors considered to establish nuisance
1. severity of interferences
2. character of neighbourhood
3. utility of defendant’s conduct
4. sensitivity of plaintiff
Civil Lawsuits for Nuisance
35
![Page 36: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
MANAGING
ENVIRONMENTAL
LIABILITIES FOR
CANNABIS GROWERS
36
![Page 37: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Environmental Risks & Liabilities
• Understand environmental issues and risks
• Do you have all requisite approvals, licences, and
registrations?
• What are the contaminants or emissions from facility?
• Destruction, disposal, and sewage treatment requirements
satisfied?
• Has there been a spill/leak/discharge?
• Do you have a spills prevention and contingency plan?
37
![Page 38: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Managing Environmental Liabilities –
Environmental Management Systems
• Develop and Implement an Environmental
Management System
• reasonable and realistic policy
• identify environmental impacts and legal requirements
• implement SOPs and training
• adequate commitment of resources
• continuous improvement (management review, audits,
updates)
38
![Page 39: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Managing Environmental Liabilities –
Environmental Liability Protection
• Environmental Insurance
• Commercial General Liability typically has a
pollution exclusion
• Director & Officer Liability policies typically exclude
environmental matters
• Insurers offer Environmental Impairment Liability policies
39
![Page 40: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Managing Environmental Liabilities –
Checklist
• Obtain all required approvals and licences
• Know your environmental risks – create your
environmental team – technical and legal
• Create and implement environmental
management systems
• Build EMS into workplace culture
• Consider and obtain environmental liability protection,
where available/applicable
40
![Page 41: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Q&A
41
![Page 42: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
• Established over 40 years ago
• 20 lawyers
• seven are certified by the Law Society of Ontario as
Environmental Law Specialists
• lawyers called to the Bars of Alberta, British Columbia,
Ontario, New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, Nunavut
and Yukon
• offices in Toronto, Ottawa, Calgary and Yellowknife
Willms & Shier Environmental Lawyers
42
![Page 43: Waiting to Exhale: Cannabis in Canada - The Potential ... · Ontario’s Nutrient Management Act • Nutrient Management Act, 2002 (NMA) • Regulation of fertilizers, nutrients,](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050308/5f6fffd9a1b87878030738f0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Willms & Shier Environmental Lawyers LLP
www.willmsshier.com
Contact Information
Matthew Gardner
403-444-6887
Called to the Bars of Ontario and Alberta
43