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Women in the U.K.
Civil, Political, and Economic Rights
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C i v i l r i g h t s
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Violence against women
honor killingsforced marriage
rape, sexual violencetrafficking
female genital mutilationphysical abuse and others
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Steps that the U.K. has taken
• Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act in November 2004– Prime Minister announced a 24-hour help line and Internet database of refugees•with £2 million from the government •as well as an additional £7 million to develop new refuges in partnership with local authorities
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Statistics
• 25% of women in the U.K. and 30% of women in the U.S. will be victims of domestic violence
• 1 woman in 9 in the U.K. and 2 to 4 million women in the U.S. are severely beaten by their male partners each year
• 1 woman in the U.K. and 12 women in the U.S. are killed every 3 days by a current or former partner
• 167 women in the U.K. and 240 women in the U.S. are raped every day
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Reproductive rights
AbortionEmergency Contraception
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Abortin’Abortion Act of 1967
»allows two medical practitioners to authorize an abortion during the first 24 weeks of a pregnancy IF
- It is a risk to her physical or
mental health»the Abortion Act gives medical practitioners the power to decide
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Emergency contraception
• available to women over the age of 16
• no prescription required• the U.K. has recently adopted measures to making EC available to adolescents under 16
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P o l i t i c a l r i g h t s
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Steps that the U.K. has taken
• The Sex Discrimination Act 2002 – allows political parties to reduce inequality in elected officials
• Government led a national campaign to encourage women to run for office– goal is to have women in 45-50 % of public offices by 2005
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Women in government - UK
• Women make up about 19.7% of MPs– UK ranked 14th in the EU and 45th out of 184 countries listed by the Inter-Parliamentary Union in terms of the percentage of women holding office in the lower or single house of the national Parliamentary body
Group Percentage of Women
Europe - European Parliament UK members 24.4House of Commons 19.7House of Lords 18.2
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Women in government - comparative
Percentage of Member State Women MPs
Sweden 45.3Finland 37.5Denmark 36.9Netherlands 36.7Spain 34.7
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E c o n o m i c r i g h t s
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Steps that the U.K. has taken
• Sex Discrimination Act of 1975 and the Equal Pay Act of 1970– Prevent discrimination in:
• employment•education•other fields
– In October 2007, a new Commission for Equality and Human Rights will be set up
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Rights of working mothers
• part-time nursery education for 3 and 4 year olds
• Since 2003, employees with children under 6 can receive flexible work hours
• Since 2003, paid maternity leave has been extended to 26 weeks
• 6 months of unpaid leave available to women
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Economic statistics
• 70% of all working-age women are employed compared to 79% of all working-age men
• Women hold less than 25% of executive positions
• Women’s hourly earnings are less than men’s (£9.02 and £11.44 per hour respectively)
• The U.K. has the highest female employment rate of the major EU countries
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Pensions
• the Government introduced pension-sharing arrangements in divorce
• 1 in 5 single women pensioners risk poverty in retirement– Black and ethnic minority women are at an even greater risk
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Pay gap
• Gap in income between men and childless women: – Unequal pay:
• full-time gender pay gap is 17.2%• 70% of low-paid workers are women
– Unequal hours:• Women have more difficulty finding full-time jobs
• National Minimum Wage has contributed to a 2% drop in the gap
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Credits
• Amnesty International• Center for Reproductive Rights• Equal Opportunities Commission• Women and Equality Unit• U.K. Watch• National Institute of Health• National Organization of Women
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Jokes (Typos)
• We done gone abortin’• Steps the U.K. has taken: SEX• Pensioners:Can’t wait to get that free T.V. License when I’m over 75!!! (you have to live a little longer than 70)
• Victorian Women’s Rights Game:– http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/society_culture/women/launch_gms_victorian_women.shtml
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