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Virginia Studies 9Review
20th Century Virginia
Prepared by:
Sarah Duncan, Instructional Specialist
Portsmouth Public Schools
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From Agriculture to Urban
Decline of the Agricultural Society:
•Old Systems of farming were
no longer effective•Crop prices were
low (no moneywas being made)
Growth of Virginia’s Cities
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Growth of Virginia’s Cities
• People moved from rural to urban areas for economic opportunities
• Technological developments in transportation, roads, railroads, and streetcars helped cities grow.
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Growth of Virginia’s Cities
• People have moved to Virginia from many other states and nations
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Growth of Virginia’s Cities
• Northern Virginia has experienced growth due to increases in the number of federal jobs located in the region.
N. Va.
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Growth of Virginia’s Cities
• Both Northern Virginia and the Tidewater region have grown due to computer technology
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Desegregation and Massive Resistance in Virginia
• The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1954 that “separate but equal” public schools were unconstitutional
Brown v. Board of Education
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Desegregation and Massive Resistance in Virginia
• All public schools, including those in Virginia, were ordered to integrate
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• Virginia’s government established a policy of “Massive Resistance” which fought or resisted the integration of public schools
Desegregation and Massive Resistance in Virginia
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Desegregation and Massive Resistance in Virginia
• Some schools closed to avoid integration
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• The policy of Massive Resistance failed, and Virginia’s public schools were integrated
Desegregation and Massive Resistance in Virginia
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•Harry F. Byrd, Sr. led a Massive Resistance Movement against the integration of public schools
Desegregation and Massive Resistance in Virginia
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Famous 20th Century Virginians
• Maggie Lena Walker:– First African
American bank president in the US
– First woman to become a bank president
• 1867-1934
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Famous 20th Century Virginians
• Harry F. Byrd, Jr.– Governor of Va.– “Pay as you Go”
policy for road improvements
– Modernized Va state government
1914 -
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• Arthur Ashe, Jr.– First African
American winner of a major men’s tennis singles championship
– Author and eloquent spokesperson for social change
1943-1993
Famous 20th Century Virginians
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• L. Douglas Wilder– Former Governor of
Virginia– First African
American to be elected a state governor in the United States
1931-
Famous 20th Century Virginians
Woodrow Wilson
•Was a 20th century president (1913-1921) who wrote a plan for world peace following World War I.
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George C. Marshall
•Was a military leader who created an economic plan to ensure world peace following World War II.
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Oliver W. Hill, Sr. •Was a lawyer
and civil rights leader who worked for equal rights of African Americans.
•He played a key role in the Brown v. BoE decision.
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Linwood Holton, Jr.•As governor of
Virginia, promoted racial equality and appointed more African Americans and women to positions in state government than previous governors.
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1. During the 20th century, Virginia became a A. An agricultural society
B. A rural society
C. An urban, industrialized society
D. A farming society
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2. Why did Virginia change from an agricultural to an industrial society?
A. Crop prices were high
B. Farming systems were effective
C. People wanted to be farmers
D. Old systems of farming were ineffective
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3. What caused Virginia’s cities to grow?A. People moved from urban to rural
areasB. Technological developments in
transportation and roads helped cities grow
C. Farmers sold their products to the cities
D. Farmers around the world sold their products to Virginia
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4. Which association of region and industry is not correct?A. Northern Virginia grew because of
the increase in federal jobsB. Northern Virginia's population
grew because of the computer industry
C. Tidewater grew because of the computer industry
D. Tidewater grew because of new farming techniques
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5. What word has the opposite meaning of segregation?A. “Jim Crow” laws
B. Discrimination
C. Integration
D. Massive Resistance
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6. Brown v. Board of Education ruled that ____________________________ public schools were unconstitutional.
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7. Harry F. Byrd led a Massive Resistance movement against
___________________________of public schools in
Virginia.
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11. Arthur Ashe, Jr. was the first African American winner of what type of
championship?